Essay about Autonomous Air Pollution Monitoring System

People are exposed to air pollutants both indoors and outdoors depending on the activities of individuals. It is significant to measure the exposure levels of different pollutant gases, especially for the well being sensitive or susceptible individuals such as children, aged people and persistently ill people. To avoid such adverse imbalances in the nature, an air quality monitoring system is utmost important. Recent enhancement in technology have made it conceivable to deploy cost-effective wireless sensor nodes for environmental monitoring, indoor climate control, scrutiny, structural monitoring, gathering sensing information in unreceptive locations and ambient air monitoring. We propose an online pollutants concentration†¦show more content†¦[1]. Monitoring Air Quality is essential for State Central authorities like air pollution regulatory body, MNC’s as well as major Public and Private industries to comprehend and take suitable steps to prevent air pollution and consider emission sources, in order to preserve health and help to the round against the greenhouse effect. An air pollution measurement system that is sufficient in terms of spatial and pollutant analysis, and is relatively low-priced and autonomous is the priority. Recent advances in information and communication technologies have resulted in the development of more eï ¬Æ'cient, low cost and multifunctional sensors. These micro sensors can be deployed in WSN to monitor and collect air environmental parameters [2]. The information is then wirelessly transmitted to data center server where they are integrated and analyzed. In the India, all main cities have networks of observing stations providing real time measurements of the most important pollutants. However, the number of these posts is usually very limited. Furthermore, currently the data of the diï ¬â‚¬erent pollutants measured at the diï ¬â‚¬erent stations in the city are accumulated to a single number, the air quality index (AQI) that is issued daily on site. II. LITERATURE REVIEW One of the ideas behind these systems is that if exploited, they would allow ordinary people to be more upbeat when it comes to airShow MoreRelatedTechnology Has Created Serious Health Concerns Of Citizens Of The World Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesand environmental levels. Urbanisation of world culture has created serious health concerns of citizen of smart cities. Increasing level of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide , sulphur dioxide , particulate matter etc. has impacted on personal health of the citizens of the world. So the quality of air and the amount of air pollutants need to be measured in order to get them under control. The impossible measurements in typical ways have currently become attainableRead MoreUltra Low Power Wireless Gas Sensor Network For Environmental Monitoring Applications1825 Words   |  8 PagesUltra low power Wireless Gas Sensor Network for environmental monitoring applications Abstract This paper presents an environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network for air quality measurement and natural gas leakages. The system is based on catalytic off-the-self available gas sensors and on a novel strategy of sampling and processing which permits to reduce the energy consumption of one order of magnitude. The characteristic of the sensing device has been extractedRead MoreEssay on Green Infrastructure4124 Words   |  17 Pagesdispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation, air quality management, and much more. Programmes in green infrastructure Provides information on how you can get involved including ways to protect human health and the environment by raising awareness about potential threats to your drinking water,Read MoreIndustrial Safety Differences in Unmanned Aerial Systems3260 Words   |  13 PagesIndustrial Safety Differences in Unmanned Aerial Systems Although they tend to be smaller than manned aircraft including most small general aviation types, UAVs are indeed aircraft and all of the industrial safety measures that apply in other forms of aviation also apply here. At this point it is appropriate to define a few terms; Remotely Piloted Vehicle/Aircraft (RPV/Aircraft) refers to an aircraft or vehicle piloted from the ground. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) may be piloted from the groundRead MoreThe Evolution Of Wireless Networks2183 Words   |  9 Pagesstorm. Although wireless communicating has been around for quite a while, we are still learning more about it each day. According to Franceschetti (2006),†The idea first sparked up in 1896 when Guglielmo Marconi developed the first wireless telegraph system†. That year he proved that it was possible to send signals wirelessly over a four mile distance. In May of 1897, the distance had nearly double as they started to gain some serious grip on this new technology. From that day on the technology has literallyRead MoreApplication of Gis in Natural Resourse Management10836 Words   |  44 Pagesthis act forms the policy framework for environmental intervention and management. The Ministry recognizes six priority environmental problems (Ministry environment 1999). These include soil degradation, deforestation, desertification, water pollution, air pollution in mining towns and wildlife depletion. However, in all cases reliable information about the extent and degree of environmental problem is critically lacking (ibid). While it has been recognized that natural resources have been on the decl ineRead MoreCNPC CSR report25861 Words   |  104 Pageson clean energy development, resource conservation, low-pollution, and harmonious relations between our growth and environmental protection. In the Amazon Basin, we minimized our use of land. To avoid damage to local vegetation, we used helicopters to transport and install the equipment. Upon completion, we restored the land to its original condition at the earliest time to minimize the impact of our activities on the local eco-system. There is no denying that oil and gas exploration and developmentRead MoreFracking4932 Words   |  20 PagesCanada and Mexico to become leading energy producers and has enabled reduced dependency on oil imports from the Middle East and Russia, regions with divergent interests to the U.S. and its allies. For example, the International Energy Agency (an autonomous body of 28 countries within the Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development), reports that oil comprised 53% of the world’s energy supply in 1973 and by 2012 had declined by 17 percentage points to 36%.4 In the same time period, naturalRead MoreThe Global Positioning System (Gps)4291 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS. The GPS is made up of three parts: satellites orbitingRead MoreBionic: Artificial Pacemaker and Electronic Noses8677 Words   |  35 Pagesit is generally more about prosthetic arms or leg enhancement worn outside the body and, to some extend, even implanted sensor devices inside the body, which are essentially enhanced to carry out certain routine tasks. These are essentially life systems that are powered by motors/actuators and sensory arrays. These send neural signals from affected part of the body to the brain, by which individual are Able to perform certain tasks independently. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Southwest Airlines Case Study - 1093 Words

BibliographyKernin, Roger A. and Peterson, Robert A. Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. 11th Edition. Southwest AirlinesSouthwest Airlines employees came together in late January 1995 for their weekly Tuesday meeting. A main topic of discussion was the competitions between Southwest airlines and Continental Lite and Shuttle By United. As they were beginning the meeting a staff member advised the team of two changes Shuttle By United made to its service and pricing. First was the discontinuation of service for the Oakland-Ontario, California market. Second, the one-way walk-up first class and coach fairs had been increased by $10.00. The focus of that Tuesday meeting was set aside and the attention focused on what to†¦show more content†¦Finally, Southwest flew only Boeing 737 jets in coach. Due to all of these combined operations, Southwests cost per seat was the lowest among major U.S. carriers. Southwest focused on creative marketing techniques to differentiate itself from other carriers. Service, convenience and price were represented in the marketing effort. Southwest was also focused on its people. The relationships with the employees were very important to Southwest and that is why it was listed as one of the top ten companies to work for. Southwest achieved record revenue and income levels in 1994 but their net income fell 47 percent. These results were due to a few factors such as an acquisition, competitors use of fare sales and the airline-within-an-airline initiatives launched by Continental and United. RecommendationsAfter all of these facts about Southwest Airlines and the airline industry in general I came to an answer about how Southwest should respond to the changes of United Airlines. I believe Southwest should continue with its present price and service strategy. I do not believe any changes should be made. Southwest will continue to achieve revenue do to its low prices and its excellent customer service. Southwest Airlines should continue to service its local customers on non-stop flights. When I fly short distances there are three main things that I look for in a flight: cheap, non-stop and friendly employees. Southwest AirlineShow MoreRelatedSouthwest Airline Case Study1214 Words   |  5 PagesBUS 330 Writing Assignment The paper is about how the airline company named as the Southwest Airlines has been able to cater to the needs of the customers while still holding a greater market share in the Airline industry specifically during the economic crises phase. Q1: As a high – contact service provider, how does Southwest Airlines ensure that its employees satisfy the customer? As far as the employee training is concerned, the employees are extensively trained so as suchRead MoreCase Study: Southwest Airlines1160 Words   |  5 PagesCase study: Southwest Airlines 1. Southwest Airlines has been a highly successful undertaking. This is due in part to the marketing objectives it has set for itself. Its main objective was to create brand awareness/preference, customer value and be a market share leader. The next step was to come up with a marketing mix strategy of price, place, product and promotion to achieve its objective. Southwest cut out many amenities in order to differentiate itself from its competitors. Its main objectivesRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1327 Words   |  6 Pages1. According to the authors of the case study, some of the market conditions of the U.S. airline industry in the early 1990s were triggered by the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. In essence, â€Å"deregulation created greater competition and growth opportunities†¦ laws restricting the airline industry loosened in the spirit of greater competition.† (Marketing Management, page 15). The impact of deregulation became evident in several areas: Removing regulatory price controls was followed by lower averageRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study795 Words   |  4 PagesCase 21 Southwest Airlines Contents Introduction 1 The Problem 1 The Analyses 2 The Alternatives 3 The Recommendations 4 Conclusions 4 References 4 Introduction Millions of people fly everyday. Southwest airlines provide low-fare travel among 58 cities in the United States. Although the airline industry suffered greatly in the aftermath of September 11, Southwest was able to continue to hold strong. Southwest airline continues to maintain steady sales as much of the industryRead MoreSouthwest Airline Case Study10660 Words   |  43 Pages| SOUTHWEST AIRLINES, INC | CASE STUDY ANALYSIS | COMPARING PAST WITH PRESENT | | 12/14/2010 | STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (Section F) Course Instructor: Mr. AbdulQadir Molvi Submitted by (Alph. Order): NUTS AND BOLTS Abdul Basit Malik (9045) Hafsa Saleem (8828) Maaz Ismail (7192) Muhammad Faizan Ali (7126) Muhammad Hassan (8780) Saba Muhammad Arif (9313) Sana Tawfik (8609) LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our instructor MR. ABDUL QADIR MOLVI assigned a report of STRATEGIC MANAGEMENTRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1716 Words   |  7 PagesRollin W. King and Herb Kelleher founded the Southwest Airline; their main vision was to create short-distance flights at a lower cost. Therefore, Southwest Airlines’ main focus is to an unusually great degree of customer service and employee commitment. Consequently, their mission statement is â€Å" dedication to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company spirit† (Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Werner, S. 2012). Every organizationRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1444 Words   |  6 PagesThis Case Study Analysis will attempt to take an objective look at the key issues and underlying implications of Southwest Airlines with respect to its impact on the airline industry. It will offer meaningful recommendations and plans for implementation. This will be done by looking at Southwest’s pricing strategies, costs, and competition and putting it in context with the industry as a whole. History, Development, and Growth Southwest, founded by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher, began as a smallRead MoreSouthwest Airline case study2360 Words   |  10 PagesIllustrate the meaning of â€Å"Sustainable Competitive Advantage†. What was the main strategy adopted by Southwest Airlines that made it successful in the airline industry? Competitive advantage is a position of a company in a competitive landscape that allows the company earning return on investments higher than the cost of investments. Competitive advantage should be relevant, unique and sustainable. Therefore sustainable competitive advantage, it’s a long-term competitive advantage that a companyRead MoreCase Study Southwest Airlines 20111207 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Study – Southwest Airlines 2011 By Dawn Baumann Advanced Marketing Professor Nicole Dillett September 29, 2014 As I develop in mind, body, and spirit, I pledge on my honor that I have not given, received, witnessed nor have knowledge of unauthorized aid on this or any paper. Dawn Baumann Background Summary: Southwest airlines was founded in Texas in 1971 as a small, regional intra-state carrier. They chose to service the Golden Triangle ofRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1271 Words   |  6 PagesSouthwest Airlines have become an international carrier with gradual development coupled with strong leadership. The company has faced difficulties through stiff competition from the other leading carriers, which struggle to gain a larger market share for the travel product. The company desire to expand is what makes it more successful in the market. The expansionary measures also require significant management practices, which become harder. Southwest Airline faces competition from Delta Airlines

Russia Involvement Of The U.s. Election Hack - 999 Words

Russia Involvement in the U.S. Election Hack There has been claims that the Russia hacked the U.S 2016 presidential election and Putin personally gave the order. This might be possible because of the rivalries between the two countries since the Cold War. The two countries has long history to outshine each other. There is no relationship between the two countries before the World War II, but both countries united against the Nazis. After the war, there has been competition between the two countries on who can perform better in field of science and technology. The two countries wanted other countries to follow and live by their ideologies. The rivalry between the countries doesn’t just evolved during the 2016 presidential election, but has†¦show more content†¦In 1972, Bobby Fischer, Russian best chess player faced the current world champion Boris Spassky from the United State. The world chess game competition final drew more global interest than any other game before it and even after. After numerous demands fro m Fischer, the American player, Boris Spassky eventually won the game after 21 games. The rivalry extended to 1980s and this time was between the presidents of both countries. Ronal Reagan was US president during this period and Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of USSR. Ronald Reagan was early hated by the liberals, but gained favor when he challenged the leader of Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. On June 12, 1987, President Reagan stood in front of Brandenburg Gate, commanding Mikhail Gorbachev to bring down the Berlin wall. The wall separated Germans in East Germany (a socialist zone occupied by the Soviet Union) from the West Germany (NATO ally). The soviet leaders criticize Reagan speech and they often referred it to as openly provocative and war-mongering. After twenty-nine month, in 1989, the berlin wall eventually fell. Germans from east and West Germany were able to cross the wall without any inspection. The recent rivalry in current century was between president Obama administration and Putin. The two major differences between the presidents was the Syria and Ukraine war. President Obama oppose the current Syrian leader, Bashar Assad, but PutinShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Responsibility For Global Tensions With The United Soviet Socialist Republics6122 Words   |  25 Pagespiece will attempt to discover patterns and make observational conclusions on American foreign policy through direct war data. The Correlates of War Project will serve as the source for the majority of data on American wars and American military involvement. However, the Correlates of War Project (C.O.W. Project), only provides data on American military action after 1816. But, many armed conflicts preceding 1816, played a crucial role in shaping American foreign policy and identity. Yet, historiansRead MoreAmerica s Responsibility For Global Tensions With The United Soviet Socialist Republics6472 Words   |  26 Pagespiece will attempt to discover patterns and make observational conclusions on American foreign policy through direct war data. The Correlates of War Project will serve as the source for the majority of data on American wars and American military involvement. However, the Correlates of War Project (C.O.W. Project), only provides data on American military action after 1816. But, many armed conflicts preceding 1816, played a crucial role in shaping American foreign policy and identity. Yet, historiansRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmeant that some organizations have had to reduce the number of employees, while others have had to attract and retain employees with different capabilities than previously were needed. Additionally, pressures from global competitors have forced many U.S. firms to close facilities, adapt their management practices, and increase productivity and decrease labor costs in order to become more competitive. Finally, the expl osive growth of information technology, particularly that linked to the Internet,Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesand applicable expenses such as album and photographer expenses, embossing and shipping, and commissions. Accounting Information Systems CHAPTER 6 COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE TECHNIQUES SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 6.1 When U.S. Leasing (USL) computers began acting sluggishly, computer operators were relieved when a software troubleshooter from IBM called. When he offered to correct the problem they were having, he was given a log-on ID and password. The next morning, the

Matthew Best Course Culminating Activity - 500 Words

Matthew Best Course Culminating Activity May-22-14 â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men,† quoting historian Lord Acton. Before reading the quote, I never noticed the relationship between power and corruption in the real world. I thought of power as a form of recognition for hard work, that in turn is a positive outcome. After putting some thought into it, I realized my mistake Power is the ability to make people say and/or do things. It is the ability to get whatever you want. Power is necessary in any society, otherwise all would break loose; leaders must be established. When taken to an extreme, power is†¦show more content†¦even books from libraries or stores, were not respected. The Bush administration has got away with so much because its been controlled by Republicans, and his brainwashing about the War on Terrorism. Congress did not stand up to the Bush administration and allowed them to take a huge amount of power away from Congress. Bush was scaring the citizens about the terror attacks in New York, and using the attacks as a reason to invade Afghanistan and Iraq. Bush fed off the fear of Americans, Bush had the power to wiretap anyone suspected of being a terrorist, but the people who determine a person is a terrorist is the Bush administration, giving him the power to make anyone who went against Bush a terrorist. Bush could claim that a person is a suspected terrorist and wiretap their house and search it in secret as well. The threat of another terrorist attack is always great, but ever since 9/11, people have been aware of their surroundings. The agencies in charge of terrorist plots are doing their jobs much better, so the Patriot Act was just a way to have more power, and not be subject to any check in power. I feel that former President Bush had too much power over the citizens, and took many peoples civil rights away. Watergate wasnot only about the wiretapping of the Democratic National Committee Headquarters, but abusing power. Bush had more power than anyShow MoreRelatedSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 Pagesspiritual beliefs might be explored in a practice course. One aspect of the growing self-awareness of social work students might be focused on their personal faith or spiritual experiences, including awareness of their own beliefs, and the 145 146 Hope Haslam Straughan impact of these on the people and their environments with which students will interact. Finally, one might argue that spiritual development content must be included in a course in which community is considered, as many religiousRead MoreThe Role of Women in Japanese Society Essay4821 Words   |  20 Pagesissued in 1637 by the ruler of Japan that closed off Japan to the rest the world as it became a closed country, nobody out, nobody in. Thus Japan became as a time capsule; a time capsule that would not be opened until 1853 with the arrival Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States. This opening then forced Japan into the modern world. This forced entry into the modern world left Japan with a societal structure, which appeared backward and feudal to the western world, which was barely discernable fromRead MoreInsight to Coach Carter Film7710 Words   |  31 Pagesschool basketball takes more than skill, perseverance, discipline and teamwork – especially when you play for Coach Ken Carter (Samuel L. Jackson). Just to step on Carter’s court takes a signed contract that assures him you’ll be performing at your best on the court and in the classroom. On Coach Carter’s watch, it’s not just about winning a basketball game†¦it’s about his team’s future. That’s why, when some of Carter’s players let their grades slip, he chooses to padlock the gym, keeping the undefeatedRead MoreAnnual Report Fosters Beer64959 Words   |  260 PagesBoard believes the offer significantly undervalues your company. the offer is also highly conditional and subject to significant uncertainty. Accordingly, your Board unanimously recommends you reject SABmiller’s offer. Your Board will always act in the best interests of shareholders and will therefore give due consideration to any bona fide offers it receives. outlook looking to the future, it is important to remind ourselves of the strength of our extraordinar y portfolio. Foster’s is an iconic AustralianRead MoreComparison Between Japan and Russia13811 Words   |  56 Pagesnominal rulers, but actual power was usually held by influential court nobles, regents, or shoguns (military governors). Contact With the West The first recorded contact with the West occurred in about 1542, when a Portuguese ship, blown off its course to China, landed in Japan. During the next century, traders from Portugal, the Netherlands, England, and Spain arrived, as did Jesuit, Dominican, and Franciscan missionaries. During the early part of the 17th century, Japans shogunate suspected thatRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesHave you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicatingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbreak from the prevailing dynamics of the cold war. In addition to the problems posed for conceptualizing the twentieth century as a discrete era of world history due to overlap with the preceding period and disconcertingly radical shifts in the course of global development in the 1900s, contradictory forces and trends, which perhaps more than any other attribute distinguish this turbulent phase of the human experience, render it impervious to generalized pronouncements and difficult to conceptualize Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesthis 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for worse

Natural Products Free Essays

Natural products isolated from various sources especially derived from plants, have long been used in treatment of human ailments. For long time, the approach to new drugs through natural products was proved to be the single most successful approach for the discovery of new drugs. Despite the initial success, chemical diversity and specific action on target, drug discovery from natural products, has been deemphasized by many pharmaceutical companies in favour of approaches based on combinatorial chemistry and genomics. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now Natural products have a large unexplored range of compounds, which is almost incredible to imitate, they will always remain a prospective source of future drug discovery (Gurnani et al., 2014). Nature have been explored by people in search of new drugs particularly plants. Medicinal plants have curative properties to treat various diseases due to this reason use the large number. Almost 95 % of the prescriptions were plant based in the traditional system of Unani,Homeopathy,Ayurveda and Siddha in Indian traditions. The study of plants continues principally for the discovery of unique secondary metabolites. Bark, leaves, flowers and seeds are any part of the plant may contain active compounds, plant products have been holding phytomedicines these can be derived from plant. In recent years, there has been a gradual revival of interest in the use of medicinal plants in developing countries because herbal medicines have been reported safe and without any adverse side effect especially when compared with synthetic drugs. Thus a search for new drugs with better and cheaper substitutes from plant origin is a natural choice. The medicinal values of these plants lie in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on human body (Savithrama et al., 2011). An oxidative stress is the result of free radicals, which form stable electron pairing with biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA in healthy human cells and cause protein and DNA damage along with lipid peroxidation. It is answerable for many of today’s diseases that results from an imbalance between formation and neutralization of prooxidants. In defense against this oxidative stress, body have their own system including various enzymes, proteins, and vitamins, which are known as antioxidants (Aruna kumari and Sharma 2017). The method of scavenging of DPPH radicals was developed by Blois (1958). The method is rapid, inexpensive, simple, and the results are reproducible. This method has been widely used by various researchers to evaluate free radical scavenging activity of plants (Raghavendra et al., 2017). Bioinformatics is a key factor in rapid growing advanced in genomics, proteomics, medicine, drug invention and development. Bioinformatics has become a very significant part of different areas of biology is tool and technique to aid in the processing extraction and determination of large amount of raw data, textual mining of biological literature, analysis of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), Protein structure, Gene expression, Genetic genomic data and help analyze biological pathways that are imperative part of the system biology (Nahla et al., 2016). How to cite Natural Products, Papers

Grignard Lab Report free essay sample

In the second part of the experiment, a yield of 99. 85% was obtained for triphenylmethanol. A melting point of 160-162Â °C was also determined. Additionally an IR for triphenylmethanol was taken, and all the major peaks were present. A broad peak at ~3400 cm- indicated an alcohol group present. A peak at ~3100 cm- indicating a C-H bonds in the benzene ring. A peak at ~1400-1500 cm- indicating a C=C bonds in the ring. Introduction: In the first part of the experiment, phenylmagnesium bromide (a Grignard reagent) was prepared from reacting magnesium strips with aqueous bromobenzene in diethyl ether. The reaction is illustrated below: The Grignard reagent formed can then behave as a base or a nucleophile due to the partial charge between the carbanion and the alkyl group. The carbanion from the phenylmagnesium bromide act as a nucleophile and under go nucleophillic addition reaction with the carbonyl group of the benzophenone forming an adduct. We will write a custom essay sample on Grignard Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The adduct act as a strong base and protonate the proton from HCl with present of ether forming triphenylmethanol (a tertiary alcohol) The reaction is illustrated below: In the presence of heat during refluxing the Grignard reagent, biphenyl impurity is formed and can be isolated with petroleum ether by extraction. The product can then be further purified through recrystallization method using hot isopropyl alcohol. This is then cooled to room temperature and facilitated with an ice bath. The purified triphenylmethanol can then be vacuum filtered and dry. The reaction mechanism for the two steps described is as followed: The purified product obtained was then tested to confirm the successful synthesizing of triphenylmethanol. Melting point value of 160-162Â °C was determine, which support the correct product synthesized. Furthermore, all major functional groups were present in the IR taken for triphenylmethanol indicating a successful experiment. Procedure: All glassware used in this experiment was oven dried and sterile. A Grignard reagent was produced by reacting ~0. 15 g of magnesium metal, stir vane, 0. 80 mL of bromobenzene (0. 70 mL) and anhydrous diethyl ether (20. 0 mL) mixture in a 20-mL round-bottom flask (reflux apparatus). The apparatus was elevated from the hot plate and heated at 60Â °C for 15 minutes. Brownish-gray solution was observed. The remainder bromobenzene/ether mixture was added to the round bottom flask drop-wise with additional washing of ~2. 0 mL of diethyl ether. Iodine (catalyst) was added to facilitate the reaction. Phenylmagnesium bromide was obtained upon cooling of the solution to room temperature. Benzophenone (1. 09 g) and diethyl ether (2. 0 mL) mixture was then reacted with the Grignard product for 15 minutes. Red solidified adduct was observed. Next HCl (6. 0 mL) was added drop-wise to the adduct; bilayer of triphenylmethanol and inorganic impurities was observed. The mixture was then filtered using the reparatory funnel. The round-bottom flask was washed with additional ether (5. 0 mL) and re-extracted. Sodium sulfate was then added to dry the solution. Aqueous solution was then decanted into an Erlenmeyer flask and evaporated in a hot water bath (50Â °C) with air until oily solid was observed. Hot petroleum ether (3. 0 mL) was added drop-wise to dissolve the by-products and cooled to room temperature. Upon cooling, the crude was then vacuum filtered and collected. Hot Isopropyl alcohol was then added to the crude to initiate recrystallization and then vacuum filtered.

Centred Counselling in Action by Dave Mearns free essay sample

Using the person centred approach, it is the counsellors ob to help the client connect with their own inner resources enabling them to find their own unique solutions. In this book the authors undertake to explain the theories and principles of person centred counselling by relating them to actual practice. The book is intended as a practical and comprehensive guide for trainee counsellors, those training them and also for established counsellors wishing to familiarise themselves with the person centred approach to counselling. Coming from the standpoint of someone Just starting out as a trainee counsellor, the writer as first attracted by the short, snappy title of Person Centred Counselling in Action. The word action hints that the work will not be a dry, difficult to read book concentrating only on the theoretical side of things but the reader will actually get to see how the process works in practice. In this regard, the book did not disappoint. -2- The main body of the book explores in some depth, the conditions (known as the core conditions) of empathy, acceptance and congruence, which are essential to the practice of the person- centred counsellor. The final three chapters draw on one articular case study showing how the core conditions are used in practice. These final chapters look at the experience from both the counsellors and the clients point of view. The writer found the contents of the book to be written in a logical fashion and in the main uses straight forward language. The writer felt that the down to earth style of writing and avoidance of Jargon made the book more accessible than some others of the same genre. Also very helpful is that as new concepts are introduced, examples of the concept being discussed are highlighted in boxes throughout the text. This helped to reinforce the writers understanding of ideas that are unfamiliar to her at this stage of her learning. One of the main themes of the book is an in-depth exploration of the three elements that make up what is referred to in person centred literature, as the core conditions. In the first chapter the book clearly states what these are as follows: The creation of a growth producing climate in a therapeutic relationship requires That the counsellor can: 1. e genuine or congruent 2. otter unconditional positive regard and total acceptance -3- 3. feel and communicate a deep empathic understanding While this statement is useful for clarity it is obvious on reading further that these conditions are not easily attained. They take commitment on the part of the counsellor to develop and maintain these attitudes and are so significant, say the authors, that not only do they have profound implications for the counsellors professional practice but also for the counsellors life as a whole. This thought makes the writer pause and reflect on how powerful the core conditions are and the words life changing spring unbidden to mind. Although in practice, the core conditions are nextricably linked, for the purposes of this review the writer has chosen to focus on the books exploration of acceptance or unconditional positive regard. The authors speak of unconditional positive regard as being an attitude held by the counsellor and give the following clear definition: Unconditional positive regard is the label given to the fundamental attitude of the person-centred counsellor towards her client. The counsellor who holds this attitude deeply values the humanity of her client and is not deflected in that valuing by any particular client behaviours. The attitude manifests itself in the counsellors onsistent acceptance of and enduring warmth towards her client. It struck the writer that although this attitude of unconditional positive regard can be viewed as highly commendable, it may also in practice, be difficult to attain. The writer agrees with the -4_ authors opinion that unconditionality cannot be guaranteed due to each counsellor being fallible, human and having personal limits. The writer however questions the authors statement that the person centred counsellor is likely to be less conditional than most other people with whom the client will relate. The writer feels hat this is a sweeping generalisation of clients relationships and may not be true. That said, the writer believes that the attitude of unconditional positive regard is one that every counsellor, irrespective of tradition, should actively seek to develop and maintain. The authors pose the question Why is unconditional positive regard important? In answer to this question a picture is drawn of a client who has been brought up to believe that it is only by meeting conditions imposed on them by significant others that they have any value. By consistently having an attitude of nconditional positive regard and by valuing the client in their own right, irrespective of conditions imposed by others, the counsellor is directly challenging the clients long held beliefs about their self- worth. The authors describe the client as being in a negative, self-defeating cycle, not expecting to be valued and relate to others by being self-protective or defensive. They may well be displaying behaviours that drive others away such as being inappropriately aggressive, not showing any feelings or perhaps withdrawing from any demanding social contact. In driving others away, the lients belief that he is unworthy or unlovable is reinforced. The authors explain that by having an attitude of unconditional positive regard, the counsellor can gradually break into the clients self- defeating cycle. Once the cycle is broken, the client -5- no longer needs to be defensive towards the counsellor. His fear reduces and an environment of trust and safety is created where the client feels able to explore what troubles him. The authors claim that not only will the client have been influenced to question conditions ot worth imposed on him and been helped to become less efensive but that somehow the client will begin to experience the counsellors attitude for himself and begin the Journey towards self-acceptance. The writer, though inexperience, agrees with the writers view that the counsellors attitude of unconditional positive regard can eventually have dramatic positive effects for the client. The writer also takes on board the authors advice to bear this dramatic effect in mind, early in the therapeutic process when the client can display a number of difficult, off-putting behaviours. There was some discussion by the authors about defensive clients. They give examples of three clients with very different problems. Mary an unkempt 45 year old lady with poor personal hygiene who is filled with self- loathing; Roger a hard-nosed 35 year old, cut-throat business man who blames his wife for all their marital problems and James a suspicious, angry 18 year old who used most of his first counselling session to verbally abuse the counsellor. It later became clear that the three clients had four things in common: 1. They all had a deep sadness, 2. Felt intensely unloved, 3. Did not love themselves and 4. Were all extremely vulnerable. The authors note that although the clients behaviours were ery different their defensiveness was acting as a shield which repelled others and hid what kind of people they really were. The -6- authors advise that unconditional positive regard means that the counsellor should not be put off by these behaviours but should continue to value the worth of the client and eventually earn the right to be given access to what lies behind the shield. The writer can imagine that it could sometimes be difficult for the counsellor to accept their client. The authors examine this problem in some depth and also give practical steps for the counsellor to take when confronted with this situation. They advise the conscious use of empathy which helps the counsellor to focus more on the client and less on her own negative feelings towards the client. Using empathy can also encourage the client to open up more and cause the counsellor to question her earlier Judgement. The authors also suggest that it would be beneficial for the counsellor to explore the matter more fully in supervision. The dislike belongs to the counsellor, say the authors and is therefore her responsibility to deal with it and not blame the client for her feelings. In the chapter on unconditional positive regard, the uthors go onto discuss in some depth other matters worthy of consideration and study such as Can the Client Accept My Acceptance? Focus on Warmth, Focus on Conditionality and Accepting the Client who loves you. Unfortunately time does not allow the writer to discuss these topics any further. The writer found the whole book very engaging and informative and would recommend the newer edition to anyone wanting to learn more about person-centred counselling. Its hands on style is very readable and gives many useful examples of the process in action. In conclusion, it does what it says on the tin! (word count 1 ,565)