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Stalin's Effects on Society and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stalin's Effects on Society and Politics - Essay Example Further, by fashioning a socialist coalition from Asia to Europe, Stalin assisted with shaping the fundamental system of global legislative issues in the second 50% of the twentieth century (Kopstein and Lichbach: 212-213). The Soviet despot Josef Stalin was a persuaded socialist just as a lifelong fan of Lenin’s thoughts regarding party association. He had the option to increase remarkable political force, ascending to the most noteworthy situation in the Leninist party dependent on his better institutional backings, authoritative aptitudes, ideological ideas, his unappeasable dependability to the gathering just as confidence in its possible triumph. Stalin gave a valiant effort to implement Leninist standards of â€Å"democratic centralism†, of severe gathering order and command over a threatening society (Kopstein and Lichbach: 214). A few issues went up against Marxists in the Soviet Union, after their progressive triumph, for example, how to construct â€Å"socialism† in a prevalently worker nation without the help of ordinary upheavals in further developed entrepreneur nations. The strategies that were planned and executed by Stalin, eventually wrecked a large number of individuals and left a substantial weight of financial conditions as an inheritance for post-Soviet Russia. However, Stalinism was the most steady ideological position that could effectively be received after Lenin’s passing, when contrasted with the three contradicting positions embraced by Stalin’s rivals having a place with the Left, the Right and the Orthodox Center. The Left was going by the acclaimed progressive Leon Trotsky who actuated Soviet laborers to try harder to quickly construct a solid modern framework, and contended that the Bolsheviks should stive to instigate transformations all through western Europe. Be that as it may, Trotsky’s force and impact declined quickly by 1924, with party individuals and normal laborers feeling sick of progressive interests following three years of universal war, a time of upset and three years of

Proposed amendment to county comprehensive plans Assignment

Proposed revision to region far reaching plans - Assignment Example (Puget Sound Regional Council, 2008, 59) The areas of both Pierce and Snohomish will have the chance to decide on the Vision 2040 record, and among its terms are the former. The accompanying conversation paper will diagram the arrangement and its different features. It will likewise present probably the broadest national, undoubtedly universal, ramifications of the strategy just as the nearby issues of immediate and prompt significance. This record will furnish Pierce and Snohomish councilors with all the data important to settle on a considered and illuminated choice in regards to Vision 2040, with regards to Multicounty Planning Policy DP-47. Vision 2040 and the Goals of Pierce and Snohomish Counties Vision 2040 is 'The Growth Management, Environmental, Economic, and Transportation Strategy for the Central Puget Sound Region' and was embraced by the PSRC General Assembly on April 24, 2008 and altered by the PSCR Executive Board on May 28, 2009. Subsequently, it's locale covers Pier ce and Snohomish Counties. ... (Puget Sound Regional Council, 2008, v) As such in its general standards it compares exactly with the objectives of the Pierce County Code Title 19A †Comprehensive Plan, 2010. This archive starts with the distinguishing proof of thirteen objectives. One of these is (E.) 'Financial Development', and another is (J.) â€Å"Protect the earth and improve the state's high caliber of life, including air and water quality, and the accessibility of water.† A scope of different destinations identify with social objectives and personal satisfaction issues. Plainly, in this manner, the Vision 2040 record is harmonious with Pierce County's broadest arrangement pushes. Such is additionally the situation with Snohomish County. The eventual fate of Snohomish County is illustrated in the Snohomish County Department of Planning and Development Services, General Policy Plan, 2011 recognizes a progression of topics and strategy destinations that are additionally consonant with Vision 2040: E ncouragement of advancement and additionally redevelopment in urban territories with existing or arranged open offices and administrations. Decrease of never-ending suburbia. Satisfactory arrangement of productive multi-modular transportation frameworks. Accessibility of moderate lodging for residents of all salary levels. Advancement of financial chance. Regard for private property rights. Consistency and idealness of grant audit forms. Preservation of characteristic assets. Maintenance of open space and arrangement of recreational chances. Insurance and upgrade of the earth. Resident support in the arranging procedure. Satisfactory arrangement of vital open offices and administrations. Conservation of notable and archeological assets. Use, assurance, rebuilding and conservation of shorelines of statewide hugeness. (Snohomish

Perceptual Maps Essay Example for Free

Perceptual Maps Essay Perceptual Mapping, as characterized by Miguel Mauricio Isoni and Cid Goncalves Filho (The Strategic Use of Perceptual Maps in Corporate Reputation Analysis: an Empirical Survey), is a â€Å"strategic the board apparatus that offers a one of a kind capacity to show the mind boggling connection between commercial center contenders and the rules utilized by purchasers when settling on buy choices and suggestions. † Usually, perceptual maps is plotted through a two dimensional plane, in this manner it is skilled fundamentally of looking at four variables influencing a specific market item. To concoct a perceptual guide, item investigator would play out its planned three section technique. A. The Three Phases of Perceptual Maps as Used in the Simulation I. The Exploratory Phase In this first stage, we would become more acquainted with the starting point of the requirement for the creation of the perceptual arrangement (Isoni Filho). The recreation had begun with the spreading out of the circumstance of Thor bikes decline in deals with their item CruiserThor, a 1500cc force cruiser valued at $25,800. Thor accepted that the abatement in deals they broke down in May 1, 201 was brought by the becoming more seasoned of its objective costumers (section 35 †50 yrs old) that made them not, at this point intrigued with the way of life CruiserThor represents. The age section of 21 †35 years couldn't likewise be a substitution since they lean toward all the more purchasing ease bikes for common sense reasons worried with their young age’s little discretionary cashflow. As a recommendable arrangement, we need another showcasing plan. Be that as it may, so as to think of an arrangement, we have to know the situation of the CruiserThor in the market through a perceptual guide. Since we had selected with making a perceptual guide, we at that point need to pick four central parameters CruiserThor gives the most concern. Furthermore, we concluded that they were the Lifestyle Image, Service Offerings, Price and Quality Engineering. We would likewise have an examination of CruiserThor with its other rival item and afterward direct a statistical surveying to get CruiserThor’s illustrative evaluations. II. The Descriptive Phase At this point, we would then need to make an overview with organized poll and with delegate test that will be investigated by Perceptual Mapping programming (Isoni Filho). This could be as four inquiries posing for a positioning from 1 †10 that compares to the current client’s discernment to the chose four parameters. Does the CruiserThor had an extraordinary effect with your way of life? Does it have the uniqueness you were unable to see with its rival brands? 2. Does the building configuration repay with its anticipated way of life picture? 3. Does the CruiserThor estimated right? 4. Does its included specialized help and extra administrations do the trick its all out bundle? As these inquiries are topped off by the CruiserThor’s clients, vendors and merchants, we could then concentrate from it the public’s illustrative recognition. The qualities that we had appointed are 9. 2 for the way of life picture. 1 for the administration contributions, 2. 95 for the administration contributions and 7. 1 for the quality building. These figures had additionally been contrasted and the figures created from two of CruiserThor’s contenders, Anzai and Espritique. These figures tell the present situation of the item which would then be liable to survey as well as modifications. III. The Presentation Phase For this last stage, we would introduce the maps to the administrators (Isoni Filho), who might then give summed up translation with the showcasing of the item regarding its four variables assessed. As the qualities had been broke down, two potential arrangements were recommended, to upgrade the present situating technique or to absolutely transform it. We may likewise pick to dispatch another cruiser that objectives more youthful costumers. If at any point you picked the last, you should then choose how it would be bundled with its highlights rather than the requirement of less expensive estimating. As a ultimate conclusion, we would then stay with propelling another item, called RRoth that would oblige a more youthful age section. This choice would experience a few phases in order to decide its legitimate advertising blend to be utilized. These were consultations on how might it be estimated, how might it be passed on to its end-clients, and how might it be advanced. The company’s group of examiner proposed with a $13M planned RRoth cruisers that would be evaluated $13T $15T. They would utilize the assistance of their distinguished vendors and merchants to go about as its mediator. They would likewise set-up selective showrooms. Advancements that would be done were to offer protection and assurance plans, to offer free test rides, to enlist VIPs for supports, and to give giveaway stock. Extra administrations were vendors preparing, customization choices and budgetary administrations. Complete expense of separation choices was then accounted to be $11. 149T. B. Synopsis of the Different Marketing Components Used I. Connection among separation and situating of items and administrations Differentiation, as its promise suggests, is the contribution of different items that will in general objective unmistakable costumers from one another. This would help with covering all the conceivable customers’ singular needs basing on organizing plans simply like age. According to this, situating procedures for these different items should be thought of in order to not cause them to rival one another (Positioning Defined). For instance, CruiserThor was intended to target potential costumers originating from the period of 35â€50 yrs. old. To deliver the need to cover the market with more youthful age who may wish to profit a way of life imaged bike yet at a lower cost, Thor bikes chose to dispatch RRoth and it was situated to draw in the age section of 21â€35 yrs. old who were less inclined to had dispensable earnings. II. The Impact of Product Life Cycle Production investigation through opportunity had arrived up with a reasoning that items have a real existence cycle (Product life cycle the board, Wikipedia). Items start with the market presentation stage by making an interest through various methods of advancement and data scattering about its significance of utilization. The item may either profit or endure the presence of rivalry relying upon the response of its objective costumers. Items would then go into the development stage wherein it ought to build up a feeling of gainfulness to its makers and dealers. Rivalry would typically increment as others would see its accomplishment in increasing a piece of the overall industry. As the items gain years being in the market, it would enter the development stage wherein the expense of creation was limited since exposure is less inclined to be required. Last stage would be whether the item be steady or in a condition of decrease contingent upon the coherence of enthusiasm of its objective costumers. References M. Isoni C. Filho. The Strategic Use of Perceptual Maps in Corporate Reputation Analysis: An Empirical Survey. Recovered June 14, 2008 from www. isbee. organization/file. php? option=com_docmantask=doc_downloadgid=33 Perceptual Mapping. Recovered June 14, 2008 from http://www. populus. com/documents/Perceptual%20Mapping_f_1. pdf Perceptual Mapping. Recovered June 14, 2008 from http://www. iqlogo. com/library/perceptual-mapping. htm Product life cycle the board. Recovered June 14, 2008 from http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Product_life_cycle_management Positioning Defined. Recovered June 14, 2008 from http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/crosscuttings/positioning_main. html

The Thickness of Ice and Twice Shy Essay Example for Free

The Thickness of Ice and Twice Shy Essay The Thickness of Ice is sonnet about the various stages a couple experience in a relationship. The principle topics in this sonnet are kinship and love and how these two can mix together. The title has been picked by Loxley to demonstrate a positive side to connections. The Thickness of Ice is sure as Thickness shows strength and security. During this sonnet, Thickness is a paradoxical expression too. The speaker in this sonnet is Loxley herself. I think this is genuine on the grounds that the sonnet appears to be very close to home and seems like it originates from a females point of view. It is additionally enthusiastic and extremely significant. It appears that Loxley is attempting to disclose to us the various stages a relationship can experience if not paid attention to. In this sonnet she discloses to us one way that is the regularly manner by which a relationship goes in. This is the thing that makes it so incredible but then sounds so close to home. I think she composed the sonnet to give us how she felt after a terrible involvement with a relationship and could likewise be an admonition to us all about what may occur if individuals dont follow the rules in a relationship and wind up harming one another. I know this in light of the fact that the language utilized in the sonnet is so solid and incredible that we realize that she is vexed and hasnt got over a person or thing. All through this sonnet we can see that she is arranging what will occur. This sonnet is written later on tense and makes us imagine that she can determine what will occur and why. She assumes she can determine what will occur from a past encounter. This past experience probably won't have turned out as should be obvious from this sonnet. Likewise all through this sonnet there is an indication of expectation. Loxley decides to utilize an intriguing strategy for reiteration all through this sonnet to show her emotions about the circumstance she is in; however furtively Ill be trusting very much become considerably more and trusting that that youre trusting that as well. Loxley gives us that she is so anxious to get into a relationship with somebody and how she isnt stressed over anything and is totally besotted with this individual. The sonnet has an all around requested structure. Connectives, for example, First Later Last of all give the sonnet a consistent stream. The structure additionally identifies with the subject of the sonnet that by utilizing these connectives, it gives the sonnet the equivalent nonstop progression of that in a relationship. The relationship that Loxley has expounded on in this sonnet is about how two individuals would meet, become hopelessly enamored, drop out and head out in their own direction. Individuals would normally utilize the words first and finally to portray various parts in a relationship. This shows the examination between the structure of the sonnet and that of a relationship. I think Loxley decided to utilize this structure since it is typically utilized as a rundown or a request and the individual who composed this sonnet (regardless of whether it be Loxley or not) clearly thought the relationship resembled a rundown of things that would occur. The individual who is standing up in this sonnet makes certain of what will occur and there is foreseeing what she will do and to me; this is an indication of a rundown which, as I would see it, is the reason Loxley decided to utilize this structure. The tone is this sonnet is generally about affection and desire. The one tone is most appeared in this sonnet is love. It is the thing that the entire sonnet is expounded on. About becoming hopelessly enamored or desire and being harmed in the result. This is an exceptionally opening sonnet as it gives the message not to race into things so you dont get injured at long last. On the off chance that it is Loxley composing the sonnet from an individual encounter, at that point it reasonable that she doesnt have any solid emotions towards relationship and that she doesnt truly like the way that they can break you. Sher expounds on catastrophe and childishness a great deal in this sonnet and it is very recognizable that she believes that all connections turn out equivalent to one that she may have encountered previously. The tone toward the finish of the sonnet changes into a positive result when she utilizes the similitude; Last of all well resemble youngsters, having scholarly the thickness of ice this shows they have taken in an exercise about what occurred and that they may have future together yet as companions and not in a relationship.

Still Alive!

Still Alive! Hey all! Its been a while. Ive had a busy last month: 0. I said this post had nothing to do with Portal, but thats sort of like stating, I am not going to think about elephants while writing this post before writing this post. Anyhoo, that reminded me that I finally got around to playing Braid, which is sort of like Portal in that it involves solving puzzles using a novel game mechanic, although IMHO, Braid is way more beautiful and mind-bending. Even without considering the weird metaphorical plot, its a true inspiration for my secret pipe dream of becoming an indie game developer. Its short, and totally worth playing even (especially?) if you consider most games a waste of time. 1. Everything I said in my last post was misinformed, because when I wrote it, I was relaxed about having just tested negative for strep. One and a half weeks later, still coughing up my lungs in a mucosal haze of academic slackery, and shivering despite the toasty warm weather, I woke up from a 20-hour nap and realized that I might not have a harmless cold after all. So I went back to MIT Medical and it turned out I had pneumonia. Woo! Thankfully, S^3 saved the day yet again and told my classes to push back a few project deadlines for me, and antibiotics had me walking around again without falling over after a few days. 2. I am old and need to get a real person job. Im getting flown out to NYC soon for a full day of being wined, dined, and grilled about algorithms by a software company I interviewed with recently, and many of my weekends this semester are probably going to follow a similar trend. After three years, I have finally learned to relax during software interviews, and hanging out with a bunch of coders is always fun, but having ones precious weekend time eaten by travel still sucks. Especially when all of ones massive programming labs are due at the beginning of the week. 3. I painted a bunch of murals. Actually, the time expended on these was negligible compared to most of the other items on this list, but this is an admissions blog, so I always feel obligated to combat the (mostly) untrue coder stereotype of unwashed nerds who can only use the left sides of their brains. 4. Ive been getting up to speed with web development and better coding practices. On Friday night, I set up and learned  a bunch  of course-6-y things, like this meta-language that is way simpler to use and more readable and robust than HTML, and it automatically closes tags for you, amongst many more important perks, when you compile it to HTML. 5. Ive been to some awesome jazz concerts.  My jazz professor brought his avant-garde jazz orchestra to MITs Killian Hall to play some of his new pieces, and last week, I went to the legendary Scullers Jazz Club (which just so happens to be in Boston) to see Hiromi, who delivered pretty much the most amazing musical experience Ive ever had. 6. I think I might have accidentally become a tea/coffee connoisseur. I was on my favorite online tea community (I know, right?) the other day, writing a review of how exquisitely the unexpected cocoa notes complemented the robust full-bodied roastiness of my favorite black tea, and also drinking this smoky drip brew I just made that has a really intense, fruity, natural sweetness, and realized that there is very little difference between a connoisseur and an addict who is also a snob. when did this happen what have i become 7. Taking embarrassing pictures of cats napping without waking them up. It happens sometimes. I just threw in the last two items because I thought they might be funny. But seriously, interviewing for jobs takes time! Landing a full-time software job usually involves a couple of short technical interviews and one all-day extravaganza where you meet the engineers and probably go through a few more interviews. Just getting a software internship usually takes three hour-long interviews. Dont forget all the interviews take place somewhere between 9am and 5pm in the companys time zone, which is really awkward for people who wake up late and then go to class the rest of the day. Multiply that by maybe three to five for all the companies youre interviewing for at the same time, and your calendar starts looking crazy. This whole rush of self-indulgent activity is probably a side effect of being a senior for the second time. Last time I was a senior, I spent most of my non-robot-building time loafing around and figuring I would start doing cool projects again after I got to the magical wonderland of MIT, instead of honing interesting skill sets, exercising, and switching from Qwerty to Dvorak, which my tendons have regretted ever since. This time around, Ive realized that the increase in responsibilities one takes on when transitioning from college to the real world is probably going to hit me harder than transitioning from high school to college. So, you know, I want to bask in the luxury of free weekdays and coding things that arent for work while I still can. I think there might be some kind of moral lesson you prefrosh could relate to in that paragraph.

Tiny Payments Can Supersize Your 529 Plan

If you're eager to save some serious money for your child's education, sometimes the best way to think big is to think small. If you have a regular savings plan in place, you can boost the bottom line even further with micropayments. These small payments of $5, $10, or $15 may be appropriate when you've got a bit extra in the savings account, when you skip the coffee shop or pack a lunch, or when you get a deal on a purchase and want your child's 529 account to benefit from the savings. According to Russell Dunkin, a Certified Financial Planner at McKinley Carter Wealth Services in Wheeling, W.Va., the benefit of micropayments isn't just in dollars in cents. "The real value is the thought process that these contributions put you into," he says. "It's the idea that every small decision you make today is going to add up to something more valuable: college for your children." To take advantage of micropayments, you'll need to make sure your plan allows it -- and that it's simple enough that you can contribute without any hassle. Most plans have a minimum contribution to start -- some as little as $25 to $50, others as high as $1,000 or more. (You may be able to sidestep a high minimum requirement by enrolling in a program that automatically deducts a smaller amount from your bank account each month.) However, once you've hit that minimum, many programs will allow you to contribute any small additional amount each month. Even if your program requires contributions of $50 or $100 at a time, you can put small contributions into a bank account and sweep them into the 529 plan once you've hit the minimum threshold. If you haven't started a 529 plan yet and plan to use this strategy, it's important to find a plan that makes contributing dead simple -- if it takes more than a few minutes to make the contribution, you may find yourself less likely to move the money over. If you've got a cell phone application that allows you to push money into the 529 account through a bill pay service or something similar, you can make the contribution before you find a new way to spend the money. "The sooner you get the money out of your pocket, the better," says Joe Orsolini, a CFP at College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Worried that a few dollars here and there won't add up? Think again. Contributing just $23.11 a month -- perhaps the savings from brown bagging it a couple times a month -- will grow to $10,720 in 18 years, the expected tuition for a semester of a public university education. "Even with small amounts, you're going to have the tax advantage and compounded growth," says Mary McConnell, director of college savings products for Charles Schwab in San Francisco. "When you run the numbers, even putting a small amount in is worth it." In fact, micropayments may be the most valuable to those who can't swing large monthly contributions, says Dunkin. "People will contribute what they perceive they can afford, and then they often get stuck," he says. "But if you're someone who contributes $50 a month and then can make a few decisions a week that add a couple dollars, you could literally double your contribution every month." Once you're in the right mindset, you'll likely see many different ways to save, whether it's using the savings as a carrot (when you've found a bargain that saves you $5 or $10) or a stick (perhaps you contribute $5 every time you miss a workout). You might decide that you'll push all your winnings from your weekly low-stakes poker game into the account, or set aside every $5 bill you get in change. You can also get others to kick in a bit. "You could have friends or family who make small contributions for birthdays or the holidays," says McConnell. Knowing that they don't have to make a significant contribution to make a real difference may spur them to action. That said, don't rely on small, irregular contributions to serve as the foundation of your savings, says Orsolini. "There's always something that can come along and take money out of your pocket, whether it's a vacation or just the Starbucks up the street," he says. "Make contributing to your 529 plan an automatic, regular part of your life, but consider these little extra additions the gravy on top." Posted January 29, 2010 If you're eager to save some serious money for your child's education, sometimes the best way to think big is to think small. If you have a regular savings plan in place, you can boost the bottom line even further with micropayments. These small payments of $5, $10, or $15 may be appropriate when you've got a bit extra in the savings account, when you skip the coffee shop or pack a lunch, or when you get a deal on a purchase and want your child's 529 account to benefit from the savings. According to Russell Dunkin, a Certified Financial Planner at McKinley Carter Wealth Services in Wheeling, W.Va., the benefit of micropayments isn't just in dollars in cents. "The real value is the thought process that these contributions put you into," he says. "It's the idea that every small decision you make today is going to add up to something more valuable: college for your children." To take advantage of micropayments, you'll need to make sure your plan allows it -- and that it's simple enough that you can contribute without any hassle. Most plans have a minimum contribution to start -- some as little as $25 to $50, others as high as $1,000 or more. (You may be able to sidestep a high minimum requirement by enrolling in a program that automatically deducts a smaller amount from your bank account each month.) However, once you've hit that minimum, many programs will allow you to contribute any small additional amount each month. Even if your program requires contributions of $50 or $100 at a time, you can put small contributions into a bank account and sweep them into the 529 plan once you've hit the minimum threshold. If you haven't started a 529 plan yet and plan to use this strategy, it's important to find a plan that makes contributing dead simple -- if it takes more than a few minutes to make the contribution, you may find yourself less likely to move the money over. If you've got a cell phone application that allows you to push money into the 529 account through a bill pay service or something similar, you can make the contribution before you find a new way to spend the money. "The sooner you get the money out of your pocket, the better," says Joe Orsolini, a CFP at College Aid Planners in Glen Ellyn, Ill. Worried that a few dollars here and there won't add up? Think again. Contributing just $23.11 a month -- perhaps the savings from brown bagging it a couple times a month -- will grow to $10,720 in 18 years, the expected tuition for a semester of a public university education. "Even with small amounts, you're going to have the tax advantage and compounded growth," says Mary McConnell, director of college savings products for Charles Schwab in San Francisco. "When you run the numbers, even putting a small amount in is worth it." In fact, micropayments may be the most valuable to those who can't swing large monthly contributions, says Dunkin. "People will contribute what they perceive they can afford, and then they often get stuck," he says. "But if you're someone who contributes $50 a month and then can make a few decisions a week that add a couple dollars, you could literally double your contribution every month." Once you're in the right mindset, you'll likely see many different ways to save, whether it's using the savings as a carrot (when you've found a bargain that saves you $5 or $10) or a stick (perhaps you contribute $5 every time you miss a workout). You might decide that you'll push all your winnings from your weekly low-stakes poker game into the account, or set aside every $5 bill you get in change. You can also get others to kick in a bit. "You could have friends or family who make small contributions for birthdays or the holidays," says McConnell. Knowing that they don't have to make a significant contribution to make a real difference may spur them to action. That said, don't rely on small, irregular contributions to serve as the foundation of your savings, says Orsolini. "There's always something that can come along and take money out of your pocket, whether it's a vacation or just the Starbucks up the street," he says. "Make contributing to your 529 plan an automatic, regular part of your life, but consider these little extra additions the gravy on top." Posted January 29, 2010

Essay about Autonomous Air Pollution Monitoring System

People are exposed to air pollutants both indoors and outdoors depending on the activities of individuals. It is significant to measure the exposure levels of different pollutant gases, especially for the well being sensitive or susceptible individuals such as children, aged people and persistently ill people. To avoid such adverse imbalances in the nature, an air quality monitoring system is utmost important. Recent enhancement in technology have made it conceivable to deploy cost-effective wireless sensor nodes for environmental monitoring, indoor climate control, scrutiny, structural monitoring, gathering sensing information in unreceptive locations and ambient air monitoring. We propose an online pollutants concentration†¦show more content†¦[1]. Monitoring Air Quality is essential for State Central authorities like air pollution regulatory body, MNC’s as well as major Public and Private industries to comprehend and take suitable steps to prevent air pollution and consider emission sources, in order to preserve health and help to the round against the greenhouse effect. An air pollution measurement system that is sufficient in terms of spatial and pollutant analysis, and is relatively low-priced and autonomous is the priority. Recent advances in information and communication technologies have resulted in the development of more eï ¬Æ'cient, low cost and multifunctional sensors. These micro sensors can be deployed in WSN to monitor and collect air environmental parameters [2]. The information is then wirelessly transmitted to data center server where they are integrated and analyzed. In the India, all main cities have networks of observing stations providing real time measurements of the most important pollutants. However, the number of these posts is usually very limited. Furthermore, currently the data of the diï ¬â‚¬erent pollutants measured at the diï ¬â‚¬erent stations in the city are accumulated to a single number, the air quality index (AQI) that is issued daily on site. II. LITERATURE REVIEW One of the ideas behind these systems is that if exploited, they would allow ordinary people to be more upbeat when it comes to airShow MoreRelatedTechnology Has Created Serious Health Concerns Of Citizens Of The World Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesand environmental levels. Urbanisation of world culture has created serious health concerns of citizen of smart cities. Increasing level of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide , sulphur dioxide , particulate matter etc. has impacted on personal health of the citizens of the world. So the quality of air and the amount of air pollutants need to be measured in order to get them under control. 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These include soil degradation, deforestation, desertification, water pollution, air pollution in mining towns and wildlife depletion. However, in all cases reliable information about the extent and degree of environmental problem is critically lacking (ibid). While it has been recognized that natural resources have been on the decl ineRead MoreCNPC CSR report25861 Words   |  104 Pageson clean energy development, resource conservation, low-pollution, and harmonious relations between our growth and environmental protection. In the Amazon Basin, we minimized our use of land. To avoid damage to local vegetation, we used helicopters to transport and install the equipment. Upon completion, we restored the land to its original condition at the earliest time to minimize the impact of our activities on the local eco-system. 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GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS. The GPS is made up of three parts: satellites orbitingRead MoreBionic: Artificial Pacemaker and Electronic Noses8677 Words   |  35 Pagesit is generally more about prosthetic arms or leg enhancement worn outside the body and, to some extend, even implanted sensor devices inside the body, which are essentially enhanced to carry out certain routine tasks. These are essentially life systems that are powered by motors/actuators and sensory arrays. These send neural signals from affected part of the body to the brain, by which individual are Able to perform certain tasks independently. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Southwest Airlines Case Study - 1093 Words

BibliographyKernin, Roger A. and Peterson, Robert A. Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. 11th Edition. Southwest AirlinesSouthwest Airlines employees came together in late January 1995 for their weekly Tuesday meeting. A main topic of discussion was the competitions between Southwest airlines and Continental Lite and Shuttle By United. As they were beginning the meeting a staff member advised the team of two changes Shuttle By United made to its service and pricing. First was the discontinuation of service for the Oakland-Ontario, California market. Second, the one-way walk-up first class and coach fairs had been increased by $10.00. The focus of that Tuesday meeting was set aside and the attention focused on what to†¦show more content†¦Finally, Southwest flew only Boeing 737 jets in coach. Due to all of these combined operations, Southwests cost per seat was the lowest among major U.S. carriers. Southwest focused on creative marketing techniques to differentiate itself from other carriers. Service, convenience and price were represented in the marketing effort. Southwest was also focused on its people. The relationships with the employees were very important to Southwest and that is why it was listed as one of the top ten companies to work for. Southwest achieved record revenue and income levels in 1994 but their net income fell 47 percent. These results were due to a few factors such as an acquisition, competitors use of fare sales and the airline-within-an-airline initiatives launched by Continental and United. RecommendationsAfter all of these facts about Southwest Airlines and the airline industry in general I came to an answer about how Southwest should respond to the changes of United Airlines. I believe Southwest should continue with its present price and service strategy. I do not believe any changes should be made. Southwest will continue to achieve revenue do to its low prices and its excellent customer service. Southwest Airlines should continue to service its local customers on non-stop flights. When I fly short distances there are three main things that I look for in a flight: cheap, non-stop and friendly employees. Southwest AirlineShow MoreRelatedSouthwest Airline Case Study1214 Words   |  5 PagesBUS 330 Writing Assignment The paper is about how the airline company named as the Southwest Airlines has been able to cater to the needs of the customers while still holding a greater market share in the Airline industry specifically during the economic crises phase. Q1: As a high – contact service provider, how does Southwest Airlines ensure that its employees satisfy the customer? As far as the employee training is concerned, the employees are extensively trained so as suchRead MoreCase Study: Southwest Airlines1160 Words   |  5 PagesCase study: Southwest Airlines 1. Southwest Airlines has been a highly successful undertaking. This is due in part to the marketing objectives it has set for itself. Its main objective was to create brand awareness/preference, customer value and be a market share leader. The next step was to come up with a marketing mix strategy of price, place, product and promotion to achieve its objective. Southwest cut out many amenities in order to differentiate itself from its competitors. Its main objectivesRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1327 Words   |  6 Pages1. According to the authors of the case study, some of the market conditions of the U.S. airline industry in the early 1990s were triggered by the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. In essence, â€Å"deregulation created greater competition and growth opportunities†¦ laws restricting the airline industry loosened in the spirit of greater competition.† (Marketing Management, page 15). The impact of deregulation became evident in several areas: Removing regulatory price controls was followed by lower averageRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study795 Words   |  4 PagesCase 21 Southwest Airlines Contents Introduction 1 The Problem 1 The Analyses 2 The Alternatives 3 The Recommendations 4 Conclusions 4 References 4 Introduction Millions of people fly everyday. Southwest airlines provide low-fare travel among 58 cities in the United States. Although the airline industry suffered greatly in the aftermath of September 11, Southwest was able to continue to hold strong. Southwest airline continues to maintain steady sales as much of the industryRead MoreSouthwest Airline Case Study10660 Words   |  43 Pages| SOUTHWEST AIRLINES, INC | CASE STUDY ANALYSIS | COMPARING PAST WITH PRESENT | | 12/14/2010 | STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (Section F) Course Instructor: Mr. AbdulQadir Molvi Submitted by (Alph. Order): NUTS AND BOLTS Abdul Basit Malik (9045) Hafsa Saleem (8828) Maaz Ismail (7192) Muhammad Faizan Ali (7126) Muhammad Hassan (8780) Saba Muhammad Arif (9313) Sana Tawfik (8609) LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our instructor MR. ABDUL QADIR MOLVI assigned a report of STRATEGIC MANAGEMENTRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1716 Words   |  7 PagesRollin W. King and Herb Kelleher founded the Southwest Airline; their main vision was to create short-distance flights at a lower cost. Therefore, Southwest Airlines’ main focus is to an unusually great degree of customer service and employee commitment. Consequently, their mission statement is â€Å" dedication to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company spirit† (Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Werner, S. 2012). Every organizationRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1444 Words   |  6 PagesThis Case Study Analysis will attempt to take an objective look at the key issues and underlying implications of Southwest Airlines with respect to its impact on the airline industry. It will offer meaningful recommendations and plans for implementation. This will be done by looking at Southwest’s pricing strategies, costs, and competition and putting it in context with the industry as a whole. History, Development, and Growth Southwest, founded by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher, began as a smallRead MoreSouthwest Airline case study2360 Words   |  10 PagesIllustrate the meaning of â€Å"Sustainable Competitive Advantage†. What was the main strategy adopted by Southwest Airlines that made it successful in the airline industry? Competitive advantage is a position of a company in a competitive landscape that allows the company earning return on investments higher than the cost of investments. Competitive advantage should be relevant, unique and sustainable. Therefore sustainable competitive advantage, it’s a long-term competitive advantage that a companyRead MoreCase Study Southwest Airlines 20111207 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Study – Southwest Airlines 2011 By Dawn Baumann Advanced Marketing Professor Nicole Dillett September 29, 2014 As I develop in mind, body, and spirit, I pledge on my honor that I have not given, received, witnessed nor have knowledge of unauthorized aid on this or any paper. Dawn Baumann Background Summary: Southwest airlines was founded in Texas in 1971 as a small, regional intra-state carrier. They chose to service the Golden Triangle ofRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Case Study1271 Words   |  6 PagesSouthwest Airlines have become an international carrier with gradual development coupled with strong leadership. The company has faced difficulties through stiff competition from the other leading carriers, which struggle to gain a larger market share for the travel product. The company desire to expand is what makes it more successful in the market. The expansionary measures also require significant management practices, which become harder. Southwest Airline faces competition from Delta Airlines

Russia Involvement Of The U.s. Election Hack - 999 Words

Russia Involvement in the U.S. Election Hack There has been claims that the Russia hacked the U.S 2016 presidential election and Putin personally gave the order. This might be possible because of the rivalries between the two countries since the Cold War. The two countries has long history to outshine each other. There is no relationship between the two countries before the World War II, but both countries united against the Nazis. After the war, there has been competition between the two countries on who can perform better in field of science and technology. The two countries wanted other countries to follow and live by their ideologies. The rivalry between the countries doesn’t just evolved during the 2016 presidential election, but has†¦show more content†¦In 1972, Bobby Fischer, Russian best chess player faced the current world champion Boris Spassky from the United State. The world chess game competition final drew more global interest than any other game before it and even after. After numerous demands fro m Fischer, the American player, Boris Spassky eventually won the game after 21 games. The rivalry extended to 1980s and this time was between the presidents of both countries. Ronal Reagan was US president during this period and Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of USSR. Ronald Reagan was early hated by the liberals, but gained favor when he challenged the leader of Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. On June 12, 1987, President Reagan stood in front of Brandenburg Gate, commanding Mikhail Gorbachev to bring down the Berlin wall. The wall separated Germans in East Germany (a socialist zone occupied by the Soviet Union) from the West Germany (NATO ally). The soviet leaders criticize Reagan speech and they often referred it to as openly provocative and war-mongering. After twenty-nine month, in 1989, the berlin wall eventually fell. Germans from east and West Germany were able to cross the wall without any inspection. The recent rivalry in current century was between president Obama administration and Putin. The two major differences between the presidents was the Syria and Ukraine war. President Obama oppose the current Syrian leader, Bashar Assad, but PutinShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Responsibility For Global Tensions With The United Soviet Socialist Republics6122 Words   |  25 Pagespiece will attempt to discover patterns and make observational conclusions on American foreign policy through direct war data. The Correlates of War Project will serve as the source for the majority of data on American wars and American military involvement. However, the Correlates of War Project (C.O.W. Project), only provides data on American military action after 1816. But, many armed conflicts preceding 1816, played a crucial role in shaping American foreign policy and identity. Yet, historiansRead MoreAmerica s Responsibility For Global Tensions With The United Soviet Socialist Republics6472 Words   |  26 Pagespiece will attempt to discover patterns and make observational conclusions on American foreign policy through direct war data. The Correlates of War Project will serve as the source for the majority of data on American wars and American military involvement. However, the Correlates of War Project (C.O.W. Project), only provides data on American military action after 1816. But, many armed conflicts preceding 1816, played a crucial role in shaping American foreign policy and identity. Yet, historiansRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmeant that some organizations have had to reduce the number of employees, while others have had to attract and retain employees with different capabilities than previously were needed. Additionally, pressures from global competitors have forced many U.S. firms to close facilities, adapt their management practices, and increase productivity and decrease labor costs in order to become more competitive. Finally, the expl osive growth of information technology, particularly that linked to the Internet,Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesand applicable expenses such as album and photographer expenses, embossing and shipping, and commissions. Accounting Information Systems CHAPTER 6 COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE TECHNIQUES SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 6.1 When U.S. Leasing (USL) computers began acting sluggishly, computer operators were relieved when a software troubleshooter from IBM called. When he offered to correct the problem they were having, he was given a log-on ID and password. The next morning, the

Matthew Best Course Culminating Activity - 500 Words

Matthew Best Course Culminating Activity May-22-14 â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men,† quoting historian Lord Acton. Before reading the quote, I never noticed the relationship between power and corruption in the real world. I thought of power as a form of recognition for hard work, that in turn is a positive outcome. After putting some thought into it, I realized my mistake Power is the ability to make people say and/or do things. It is the ability to get whatever you want. Power is necessary in any society, otherwise all would break loose; leaders must be established. When taken to an extreme, power is†¦show more content†¦even books from libraries or stores, were not respected. The Bush administration has got away with so much because its been controlled by Republicans, and his brainwashing about the War on Terrorism. Congress did not stand up to the Bush administration and allowed them to take a huge amount of power away from Congress. Bush was scaring the citizens about the terror attacks in New York, and using the attacks as a reason to invade Afghanistan and Iraq. Bush fed off the fear of Americans, Bush had the power to wiretap anyone suspected of being a terrorist, but the people who determine a person is a terrorist is the Bush administration, giving him the power to make anyone who went against Bush a terrorist. Bush could claim that a person is a suspected terrorist and wiretap their house and search it in secret as well. The threat of another terrorist attack is always great, but ever since 9/11, people have been aware of their surroundings. The agencies in charge of terrorist plots are doing their jobs much better, so the Patriot Act was just a way to have more power, and not be subject to any check in power. I feel that former President Bush had too much power over the citizens, and took many peoples civil rights away. Watergate wasnot only about the wiretapping of the Democratic National Committee Headquarters, but abusing power. Bush had more power than anyShow MoreRelatedSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 Pagesspiritual beliefs might be explored in a practice course. One aspect of the growing self-awareness of social work students might be focused on their personal faith or spiritual experiences, including awareness of their own beliefs, and the 145 146 Hope Haslam Straughan impact of these on the people and their environments with which students will interact. Finally, one might argue that spiritual development content must be included in a course in which community is considered, as many religiousRead MoreThe Role of Women in Japanese Society Essay4821 Words   |  20 Pagesissued in 1637 by the ruler of Japan that closed off Japan to the rest the world as it became a closed country, nobody out, nobody in. Thus Japan became as a time capsule; a time capsule that would not be opened until 1853 with the arrival Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States. This opening then forced Japan into the modern world. This forced entry into the modern world left Japan with a societal structure, which appeared backward and feudal to the western world, which was barely discernable fromRead MoreInsight to Coach Carter Film7710 Words   |  31 Pagesschool basketball takes more than skill, perseverance, discipline and teamwork – especially when you play for Coach Ken Carter (Samuel L. Jackson). Just to step on Carter’s court takes a signed contract that assures him you’ll be performing at your best on the court and in the classroom. On Coach Carter’s watch, it’s not just about winning a basketball game†¦it’s about his team’s future. That’s why, when some of Carter’s players let their grades slip, he chooses to padlock the gym, keeping the undefeatedRead MoreAnnual Report Fosters Beer64959 Words   |  260 PagesBoard believes the offer significantly undervalues your company. the offer is also highly conditional and subject to significant uncertainty. Accordingly, your Board unanimously recommends you reject SABmiller’s offer. Your Board will always act in the best interests of shareholders and will therefore give due consideration to any bona fide offers it receives. outlook looking to the future, it is important to remind ourselves of the strength of our extraordinar y portfolio. Foster’s is an iconic AustralianRead MoreComparison Between Japan and Russia13811 Words   |  56 Pagesnominal rulers, but actual power was usually held by influential court nobles, regents, or shoguns (military governors). Contact With the West The first recorded contact with the West occurred in about 1542, when a Portuguese ship, blown off its course to China, landed in Japan. During the next century, traders from Portugal, the Netherlands, England, and Spain arrived, as did Jesuit, Dominican, and Franciscan missionaries. During the early part of the 17th century, Japans shogunate suspected thatRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesHave you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicatingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbreak from the prevailing dynamics of the cold war. In addition to the problems posed for conceptualizing the twentieth century as a discrete era of world history due to overlap with the preceding period and disconcertingly radical shifts in the course of global development in the 1900s, contradictory forces and trends, which perhaps more than any other attribute distinguish this turbulent phase of the human experience, render it impervious to generalized pronouncements and difficult to conceptualize Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesthis 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for worse

Natural Products Free Essays

Natural products isolated from various sources especially derived from plants, have long been used in treatment of human ailments. For long time, the approach to new drugs through natural products was proved to be the single most successful approach for the discovery of new drugs. Despite the initial success, chemical diversity and specific action on target, drug discovery from natural products, has been deemphasized by many pharmaceutical companies in favour of approaches based on combinatorial chemistry and genomics. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now Natural products have a large unexplored range of compounds, which is almost incredible to imitate, they will always remain a prospective source of future drug discovery (Gurnani et al., 2014). Nature have been explored by people in search of new drugs particularly plants. Medicinal plants have curative properties to treat various diseases due to this reason use the large number. Almost 95 % of the prescriptions were plant based in the traditional system of Unani,Homeopathy,Ayurveda and Siddha in Indian traditions. The study of plants continues principally for the discovery of unique secondary metabolites. Bark, leaves, flowers and seeds are any part of the plant may contain active compounds, plant products have been holding phytomedicines these can be derived from plant. In recent years, there has been a gradual revival of interest in the use of medicinal plants in developing countries because herbal medicines have been reported safe and without any adverse side effect especially when compared with synthetic drugs. Thus a search for new drugs with better and cheaper substitutes from plant origin is a natural choice. The medicinal values of these plants lie in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on human body (Savithrama et al., 2011). An oxidative stress is the result of free radicals, which form stable electron pairing with biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA in healthy human cells and cause protein and DNA damage along with lipid peroxidation. It is answerable for many of today’s diseases that results from an imbalance between formation and neutralization of prooxidants. In defense against this oxidative stress, body have their own system including various enzymes, proteins, and vitamins, which are known as antioxidants (Aruna kumari and Sharma 2017). The method of scavenging of DPPH radicals was developed by Blois (1958). The method is rapid, inexpensive, simple, and the results are reproducible. This method has been widely used by various researchers to evaluate free radical scavenging activity of plants (Raghavendra et al., 2017). Bioinformatics is a key factor in rapid growing advanced in genomics, proteomics, medicine, drug invention and development. Bioinformatics has become a very significant part of different areas of biology is tool and technique to aid in the processing extraction and determination of large amount of raw data, textual mining of biological literature, analysis of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), Protein structure, Gene expression, Genetic genomic data and help analyze biological pathways that are imperative part of the system biology (Nahla et al., 2016). How to cite Natural Products, Papers

Grignard Lab Report free essay sample

In the second part of the experiment, a yield of 99. 85% was obtained for triphenylmethanol. A melting point of 160-162Â °C was also determined. Additionally an IR for triphenylmethanol was taken, and all the major peaks were present. A broad peak at ~3400 cm- indicated an alcohol group present. A peak at ~3100 cm- indicating a C-H bonds in the benzene ring. A peak at ~1400-1500 cm- indicating a C=C bonds in the ring. Introduction: In the first part of the experiment, phenylmagnesium bromide (a Grignard reagent) was prepared from reacting magnesium strips with aqueous bromobenzene in diethyl ether. The reaction is illustrated below: The Grignard reagent formed can then behave as a base or a nucleophile due to the partial charge between the carbanion and the alkyl group. The carbanion from the phenylmagnesium bromide act as a nucleophile and under go nucleophillic addition reaction with the carbonyl group of the benzophenone forming an adduct. We will write a custom essay sample on Grignard Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The adduct act as a strong base and protonate the proton from HCl with present of ether forming triphenylmethanol (a tertiary alcohol) The reaction is illustrated below: In the presence of heat during refluxing the Grignard reagent, biphenyl impurity is formed and can be isolated with petroleum ether by extraction. The product can then be further purified through recrystallization method using hot isopropyl alcohol. This is then cooled to room temperature and facilitated with an ice bath. The purified triphenylmethanol can then be vacuum filtered and dry. The reaction mechanism for the two steps described is as followed: The purified product obtained was then tested to confirm the successful synthesizing of triphenylmethanol. Melting point value of 160-162Â °C was determine, which support the correct product synthesized. Furthermore, all major functional groups were present in the IR taken for triphenylmethanol indicating a successful experiment. Procedure: All glassware used in this experiment was oven dried and sterile. A Grignard reagent was produced by reacting ~0. 15 g of magnesium metal, stir vane, 0. 80 mL of bromobenzene (0. 70 mL) and anhydrous diethyl ether (20. 0 mL) mixture in a 20-mL round-bottom flask (reflux apparatus). The apparatus was elevated from the hot plate and heated at 60Â °C for 15 minutes. Brownish-gray solution was observed. The remainder bromobenzene/ether mixture was added to the round bottom flask drop-wise with additional washing of ~2. 0 mL of diethyl ether. Iodine (catalyst) was added to facilitate the reaction. Phenylmagnesium bromide was obtained upon cooling of the solution to room temperature. Benzophenone (1. 09 g) and diethyl ether (2. 0 mL) mixture was then reacted with the Grignard product for 15 minutes. Red solidified adduct was observed. Next HCl (6. 0 mL) was added drop-wise to the adduct; bilayer of triphenylmethanol and inorganic impurities was observed. The mixture was then filtered using the reparatory funnel. The round-bottom flask was washed with additional ether (5. 0 mL) and re-extracted. Sodium sulfate was then added to dry the solution. Aqueous solution was then decanted into an Erlenmeyer flask and evaporated in a hot water bath (50Â °C) with air until oily solid was observed. Hot petroleum ether (3. 0 mL) was added drop-wise to dissolve the by-products and cooled to room temperature. Upon cooling, the crude was then vacuum filtered and collected. Hot Isopropyl alcohol was then added to the crude to initiate recrystallization and then vacuum filtered.

Centred Counselling in Action by Dave Mearns free essay sample

Using the person centred approach, it is the counsellors ob to help the client connect with their own inner resources enabling them to find their own unique solutions. In this book the authors undertake to explain the theories and principles of person centred counselling by relating them to actual practice. The book is intended as a practical and comprehensive guide for trainee counsellors, those training them and also for established counsellors wishing to familiarise themselves with the person centred approach to counselling. Coming from the standpoint of someone Just starting out as a trainee counsellor, the writer as first attracted by the short, snappy title of Person Centred Counselling in Action. The word action hints that the work will not be a dry, difficult to read book concentrating only on the theoretical side of things but the reader will actually get to see how the process works in practice. In this regard, the book did not disappoint. -2- The main body of the book explores in some depth, the conditions (known as the core conditions) of empathy, acceptance and congruence, which are essential to the practice of the person- centred counsellor. The final three chapters draw on one articular case study showing how the core conditions are used in practice. These final chapters look at the experience from both the counsellors and the clients point of view. The writer found the contents of the book to be written in a logical fashion and in the main uses straight forward language. The writer felt that the down to earth style of writing and avoidance of Jargon made the book more accessible than some others of the same genre. Also very helpful is that as new concepts are introduced, examples of the concept being discussed are highlighted in boxes throughout the text. This helped to reinforce the writers understanding of ideas that are unfamiliar to her at this stage of her learning. One of the main themes of the book is an in-depth exploration of the three elements that make up what is referred to in person centred literature, as the core conditions. In the first chapter the book clearly states what these are as follows: The creation of a growth producing climate in a therapeutic relationship requires That the counsellor can: 1. e genuine or congruent 2. otter unconditional positive regard and total acceptance -3- 3. feel and communicate a deep empathic understanding While this statement is useful for clarity it is obvious on reading further that these conditions are not easily attained. They take commitment on the part of the counsellor to develop and maintain these attitudes and are so significant, say the authors, that not only do they have profound implications for the counsellors professional practice but also for the counsellors life as a whole. This thought makes the writer pause and reflect on how powerful the core conditions are and the words life changing spring unbidden to mind. Although in practice, the core conditions are nextricably linked, for the purposes of this review the writer has chosen to focus on the books exploration of acceptance or unconditional positive regard. The authors speak of unconditional positive regard as being an attitude held by the counsellor and give the following clear definition: Unconditional positive regard is the label given to the fundamental attitude of the person-centred counsellor towards her client. The counsellor who holds this attitude deeply values the humanity of her client and is not deflected in that valuing by any particular client behaviours. The attitude manifests itself in the counsellors onsistent acceptance of and enduring warmth towards her client. It struck the writer that although this attitude of unconditional positive regard can be viewed as highly commendable, it may also in practice, be difficult to attain. The writer agrees with the -4_ authors opinion that unconditionality cannot be guaranteed due to each counsellor being fallible, human and having personal limits. The writer however questions the authors statement that the person centred counsellor is likely to be less conditional than most other people with whom the client will relate. The writer feels hat this is a sweeping generalisation of clients relationships and may not be true. That said, the writer believes that the attitude of unconditional positive regard is one that every counsellor, irrespective of tradition, should actively seek to develop and maintain. The authors pose the question Why is unconditional positive regard important? In answer to this question a picture is drawn of a client who has been brought up to believe that it is only by meeting conditions imposed on them by significant others that they have any value. By consistently having an attitude of nconditional positive regard and by valuing the client in their own right, irrespective of conditions imposed by others, the counsellor is directly challenging the clients long held beliefs about their self- worth. The authors describe the client as being in a negative, self-defeating cycle, not expecting to be valued and relate to others by being self-protective or defensive. They may well be displaying behaviours that drive others away such as being inappropriately aggressive, not showing any feelings or perhaps withdrawing from any demanding social contact. In driving others away, the lients belief that he is unworthy or unlovable is reinforced. The authors explain that by having an attitude of unconditional positive regard, the counsellor can gradually break into the clients self- defeating cycle. Once the cycle is broken, the client -5- no longer needs to be defensive towards the counsellor. His fear reduces and an environment of trust and safety is created where the client feels able to explore what troubles him. The authors claim that not only will the client have been influenced to question conditions ot worth imposed on him and been helped to become less efensive but that somehow the client will begin to experience the counsellors attitude for himself and begin the Journey towards self-acceptance. The writer, though inexperience, agrees with the writers view that the counsellors attitude of unconditional positive regard can eventually have dramatic positive effects for the client. The writer also takes on board the authors advice to bear this dramatic effect in mind, early in the therapeutic process when the client can display a number of difficult, off-putting behaviours. There was some discussion by the authors about defensive clients. They give examples of three clients with very different problems. Mary an unkempt 45 year old lady with poor personal hygiene who is filled with self- loathing; Roger a hard-nosed 35 year old, cut-throat business man who blames his wife for all their marital problems and James a suspicious, angry 18 year old who used most of his first counselling session to verbally abuse the counsellor. It later became clear that the three clients had four things in common: 1. They all had a deep sadness, 2. Felt intensely unloved, 3. Did not love themselves and 4. Were all extremely vulnerable. The authors note that although the clients behaviours were ery different their defensiveness was acting as a shield which repelled others and hid what kind of people they really were. The -6- authors advise that unconditional positive regard means that the counsellor should not be put off by these behaviours but should continue to value the worth of the client and eventually earn the right to be given access to what lies behind the shield. The writer can imagine that it could sometimes be difficult for the counsellor to accept their client. The authors examine this problem in some depth and also give practical steps for the counsellor to take when confronted with this situation. They advise the conscious use of empathy which helps the counsellor to focus more on the client and less on her own negative feelings towards the client. Using empathy can also encourage the client to open up more and cause the counsellor to question her earlier Judgement. The authors also suggest that it would be beneficial for the counsellor to explore the matter more fully in supervision. The dislike belongs to the counsellor, say the authors and is therefore her responsibility to deal with it and not blame the client for her feelings. In the chapter on unconditional positive regard, the uthors go onto discuss in some depth other matters worthy of consideration and study such as Can the Client Accept My Acceptance? Focus on Warmth, Focus on Conditionality and Accepting the Client who loves you. Unfortunately time does not allow the writer to discuss these topics any further. The writer found the whole book very engaging and informative and would recommend the newer edition to anyone wanting to learn more about person-centred counselling. Its hands on style is very readable and gives many useful examples of the process in action. In conclusion, it does what it says on the tin! (word count 1 ,565)

Learn About the Emory MBA With Concentration in International Business

Learn About the Emory MBA With Concentration in International BusinessA sample Emory MBA with a concentration in International Business would be a great idea for a very good business opportunity. The program will allow you to take a comprehensive program, acquire a work experience in the program, get a co-op position or even full time job in an international company. By studying the program, you can also gain admission into top graduate schools as well as top business schools.Not many people know that the MBA degree has earned its place in the list of the most prestigious business degrees worldwide. Many companies that do not have a business school reputation are asking MBA students to become a part of their team. It is important to note that this program has made a name for itself in the business world as it has shown that it is not only a stepping stone to get high paying job but also for many to set up their own company.The option of working in the company as a consultant or a man ager is an option that many MBA students take to help them prepare themselves for an entry into a company. One should note that there are various steps that come into play for a person to become a consultant or a manager. It has been observed that while the managerial positions are highly sought after the work experience is relatively small. Thus if you study in the program that trains you to be a manager, you can build your credentials to help you secure a corporate management job.The MBA can also help you open up a job opportunity in a foreign country. It has been observed that in many of the newly emerging countries, they require skilled people to fill the various positions they are not producing. An MBA with International Business will enable you to improve your skills in the field and land a job in one of these countries.A student who has just completed the program will be prepared for an entry-level job position and will have his/her self-confidence to handle situations. The p rogram does not only train you to become a leader but also ensures that you are able to show your abilities on a wide variety of industries. There is the fact that companies in the United States are employing a lot of MBA students as a form of investment and they also hire as consultants or managers.This is because in many cases a person who has completed the program is not writing the program and therefore, needs to manage his/her time well. It is however, imperative that a student writes about himself as a potential employer as he should display that he has the potential to become a manager. The role of the writer is to show that a candidate has the potential to learn and have the capacity to take control of a company.One should also consider the fact that by writing a sample essay for an MBA program, the employer can get a closer look at the student's potential. For a better understanding of the MBA, a candidate will write about the right experiences of his/her life and in additi on mention any new experiences that he/she had recently.

To his coy mistress and Cousin Kate Essay Example

To his coy mistress and Cousin Kate Essay Andrew Marvell was a poet he was born in Yorkshire in the 17th century. He was a member of the metaphysical poets. Christina Rosseti was born in London on December 5th 1830. She was labeled a poet in the 19th century and was part of the pre-Raphelite Brotherhood. The tradition that to his coy mistress belongs to is of a carpe diem poem. The serious subject in this poem is we do not have forever. Cousin Kate is a poem about Love and relationship it is also an attack on Victorians attitude to women. To his coy mistress We will write a custom essay sample on To his coy mistress and Cousin Kate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To his coy mistress and Cousin Kate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To his coy mistress and Cousin Kate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The narrator of this poem is the man who is trying to persuade his mistress to get into bed with him. The word Coy implies her shyness and sensitivity. The first stacge of hhis argument Had we is saying had we enough time the second but is saying we do not have enough time and the third now therefore is saying lets make love as otherwise our time will run out. Stanza 1 In the first stanza the narrator attacks his mistress for her coyness by saying had we but world enough time, this coyness lady were no crime he is saying that her being shy is a crime as they are not going to live forever and therefore should not be so shy. In the first stanza he quotes my vegetable love should grow this is an example of metaphysical conceit, he is saying that there is nothing wrong with sex its healthy and natural just like a vegetable. He then tries to persuade her by using flattery two hundred to adore each breast but thirty thousand to the rest this flatters and persuades her, this is also a hyperbole. Stanza 2 The narrators basic point in stanza 2 is we do not have all the time in the world. In lines 12-22 he says but at my back I always hear, times winged chariot hurrying near this means we do not have much time so lets not wait any longer, and the image of times winged chariot hurrying near is saying that time is going fast and coming nearer to our deaths. He uses images of death the graves a fine and private place he is trying to persuade her by saying your grave will be a quite place and it will be only you in the grave. Words in this stanza that suggest death and decay are marble vault, ashes , dust, grave. His lady would probably react to this in a negative way and want to get into bed with him more as she would not to die a virgin or single. The narrator uses this to frighten her into bed. The narrator says deserts of vast eternity which again frightens her. Stanza 3 In the third stanza he tells his mistress we should wait no longer as soon enough we will have no time left let us roll all our strength into one ball what he means by this is seize the day as we do not have forever. Words in this stanza that suggest a sense of urgency are now he repeats this to add effect because he wants her now, run and time devour he uses all these words to try and speed her up as they do not have forever. There are words in stanza 3 that again compliment her sits on thy skin like morning de hes complimenting her on her youthful complexion, but as the day goes on morning dew starts to disappear and maybe he is suggestion her looks and complexion will wear away during the years, this is creating a loving and peaceful atmosphere unlike the one in stanza 2. in stanza 3 the writer also talks about the iron gates of life through the iron gates of life the iron gates of life could mean he wants a child as the gates of life could be his mistresses womb, the writer is saying the can make the sun(time) run'(go faster) try enjoying themselves to do this. Rhyme scheme and rhythm The effect of using rhyming couplets is that they are a couple and the narrator could be using this to point it out. The whole poem is written in iambic tetrameter. The effect of the caesura in line 27 symbolizes the silence of her tomb when she is dead. The enjambment in the last but one line of the poem thus, though we cannot make our sun stand still, yet we will make him run. Gives the sense of time striding on. Personal Response I think that Marvell has written this poem very well and cleverly with the use of enjambment etc, he also introduces the character to be a man who wants one thing sex, he shows the narrator as a very manipulative clever man. I think the narrators argument is a good one as he has waited so long for his mistress to get in bed and he cannot wait any longer. Marvell makes the point about time and the brevity of human happiness very well. Cousin Kate I now intend to discuss Cousin Kate I will compare this poem to his coy mistress. This poem is a ballad. In the poem, we hear a voice of a woman whos husband has betrayed her for her cousin. In Victorian society the narrator of the poem was a fallen women a fallen woman is someone who has lost her reputation by having an illegitimate child it is a coincidence that Rosseti was a volunteer at one of these. The main theme of this poem is relationship and betrayal. Before the narrator was seduced she was a cottage maiden and fair and a very traditional woman. The lord seduced her by having a palace he lured me to his palace home he also seduced her with love. The word lured means baited towards something so the narrator is treating her as a bit of meat. The narrators tone or attitude in lines 5-8 are why did he have to find me to fill my heart with care why me i.e she is full of regret. Stanza 2 In stanza 2 the author uses a paradox to lead a shameless shameful life This brings up mixed feelings as she feels she hasnt done anything wrong but she feels ashamed as now she is a fallen woman and has been labeled by society and does not get the respect she deserves. In lines 5 to 6 in stanza 2 he wore me like a silken knot is a simile and it suggest that his love isnt going to last as it is going to fall apart like a silken knot as silk is virtually impossible to make a knot in. In line 8 in stanza 2 he uses a dove for effect who might have been a dove a dove symbolizes purity and he took away her purity the theme of birds is used throughout this poem also you had the stronger wing in stanza 4 Stanza 3 The lords choose Cousin Kate because she grew fairer than her and she was good and pure. The narrator then went to a refugee for fallen women we gather. In stanzas 4 and 5 the narrator is jealous of Cousin Kate as she is rich, pure and successful. In stanzas 4 and 5 contrasts between Cousin Kate and the narrator my love was true, your love was writ in sand what the narrator means by this is she genuinely loved the lord but Cousin Kate love was writ in sand and soon enough the tide will come in and wash away that love. In stanza 4 the narrator uses a bird image you had a stronger wing what the narrator means by this is Cousin Kate is stronger richer and mainly she is still pure. The narrator then mocks cousin Kate as the narrator has something she will never have the lords child My fair hair son, my shame. My pride this is a paradox, the narrator uses this all her shame is in her son as he is a illegitimate child but its her pride as Cousin Kate will never have him. In the last stanza the narrator says cling closer, closer yet this shows the narrator thinks she loves him and does not want to lose him. In the last 2 lines it says your father would give lands for one to wear his coronet the childs father wants to have and heir and his mother does not want him to steal him away from her but she must be having mixed feelings as she wants her son to be successful and wealthy. We can clearly see that in this poem fallen women are treated badly as they are called outcast thing. Comparisons In his coy mistress there is a message which says why wait as we do not have forever. In Cousin Kate badly the mother of illegitimate children get treated and its about relationships and betrayal. In both poems we hear 2 different voices in the first we hear a man desperate to get his lady into bed and in the second we hear about a woman who has been abandoned and betrayed by her own cousin. In the first poem the audience is his mistress as in the second it is cousin kate and her son and the reader. The narrators tone towards the audience is totally different as in his coy mistress he is getting frustrated and in Cousin Kate she is explaining to the reader then she is angry at Cousin Kate and then she boasts about her son and then she is calm speaking to her son again. In Cousin Kate from stanza 3 onwards the narrator is addressing herself towards Cousin Kate and then her son, In his coy mistress he is addressing his mistress. The lord choose Cousin Kate as she was fairer and more beautiful and had the stronger wing and the narrator we gather form the information got sent to a refugee for fallen woman. We gather from the information given to us that the narrator does not like Cousin Kate as if it was not for her she would still be pure and she feels she has been betrayed and cheated on by Cousin Kate. In stanza 4 of Cousin Kate Rosseti uses imagery of a bird you had the stronger wing this means that she was more stronger richer and stable than the narrator. I think that the first message comes along more strongly to me as you do not have forever in your life to achieve and accomplish tasks as in Cousin Kate you can move on from one man and if you do not make love before you die you cannot go back and change that. These two poems give us the impression that all men are after sex and the most beautiful women they can get as in his coy mistress he spends the whole poem talking about how much he wants her to make love with him and in Cousin Kate he married the Narrator thinking she was the most prettiest then she saw her cousin who was more beautiful and then went out with her. I think I like Cousin Kate more than his Coy mistress as in Cousin Kate there is more than one audience as in his coy mistress it drags on speaking to the same audience but in Cousin Kate it makes you want to read on as there are more audiences. Therefore I think that I prefer Cousin Kate

CEO Pay vs. Workers Pay essays

CEO Pay vs. Workers Pay essays Over the last decade, the pay increases of the CEOs have far outpaced the pay increases experienced by the common worker. This means, while the people who run the company are experiencing greater and greater amounts of wealth, the average worker has been experiencing a greater amount of debt. The average workers has pay rate which increases barely kept pace with inflation. The investigation will show the gap between CEOs and workers pay, why CEOs feel it is necessary to pay such salaries, and also what are the effects of such pays. The CEOs that dose not benefit the workers: The CEOs pay in America has been increasing to the point of extreme excess become multi millionaires, CEOs have many more luxuries and incentives running the company or the corporation not wanting. However the workers work harder and harder by longer hours, less benefits, and low pay. Know that there are some CEOs who are concerned for their workers. The media has shown us many CEOs who are in it solely to make a large amount of money as fast as they can, and have no concerns for those who work under them. The CEOs pay increases faster than the workers pay; one reason for the CEOs pay has become common practice to overly compensate the CEOs, regardless of their actual performance. Bigger corporations think of nothing giving bonuses for their CEOs pledge to their companies, the benefits and the other perks such as high stock, option granted loans, and luxury items written (Hightower, October 2001, ). Most CEOs have taking home about an average of 531 percent more pay than the average hourly worker makes. Chicago Times reported, It isnt right or fair to compare the Presidents and CEOs of a big corporation to hourly workers, because with the CEOs pay its coming from the global marketing for executives. Obscene CEOs pay affec...

Launch of P&G InsecKill Insecticide in the UK Essay

Launch of P&G InsecKill Insecticide in the UK - Essay Example Nonetheless, P&G intends to launch and market a new product in the United Kingdom, which it is manufacturing for the first time. P&G is a popular brand in the country for its high innovativeness, and a strategic position there, therefore, this is expected that â€Å"InsecKill† will receive a good reception. A research has been conducted on the target segment. This has mainly based on the information on consumer demographic distribution and spending behavior in the UK from the company, with regard to its other products sale in the UK market. Different strategies have been identified about how information about â€Å"InsecKill† will be disseminated in the target market. Direct marketing, public relations, sales promotion, and advertising are combined in to a single marketing mix to achieve this. Finally, reviews have been conducted on the customer, market, internal and external contexts. In addition, the objectives, strategies, and budget of this marketing plan have been outlined and are discussed. Furthermore, different tactics to ensure successful business experience in the UK have been identified, basing on the consumer research findings. Nonetheless, P&G will assess and review its marketing activities time to time, with regard to changing consumer behavior, for better results. Introduction Procter & Gamble (P&G) Company is a popular multinational company specializing in consumer goods. It produces a wide range of products, including household products, personal care products, cleaning agents, pet foods, among others. This company is highly innovative, thus the wide variety of products. In addition, P&G is known to develop new products in the market at a higher rate, compared to other companies. Overall, P&G is a high performer in the market, registering high profits each year (P&G 2012). P&G values its customers, and develops products that suit their needs. This is the reason for the wide range of brands the company produces. Market research is a crucial aspect for this company, as it is through this that the company identifies the needs of its customers (Rehtmeyer 2010). P&G has been successful in the consumer goods market. In this essay, it is assumed that P&G has developed a new product, which it needs to introduce in the United Kingdom (UK). This is a n insecticide named â€Å"InsecKill,† which is meant for household use to kill stubborn and harmful insects in homes. P&G

Gendered-Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gendered-Language - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss aspects of gendered language. Through this, the paper will focus on sociolinguistic variations and the varying aspects employed during conversations. Sociolinguistics is the study of society and language. Sociolinguistics attempts to analyze the social factors which leading to the diversity of human languages, whereas many linguists concentrate on exploring unity under the diversity of human languages. In a nut shell, sociolinguists focus on the differences in languages and variation within a particular society language. As stated earlier, this paper will focus on the aspects of sociolinguistic variations in terms of gender based conversations. For instance, in the past few days when I was walking around, I heard two women chatting and discussing their issues. Naturally, I have never been interested in listening to them sharing their views but on this occasion, their subject attracted my attention. I listened keenly how they were praising their mode of presentation. The first woman was commenting on how her colleague had plaited her hair. â€Å"Jane! You look smart. Who plaited your hair? I like it! † The second woman laughed, showing a sense of appreciation. â€Å"My husband took me out over the weekend where I was plaited. Imagine am proud of him.† The first woman was so curious, â€Å"Do you mind giving me directions so that I may go too? I should be as cute as you look!† â€Å"Oh please, I am not sure of the place, but it was so far that you can’t make it alone. It cost me good money to achieve this. I doubt if can afford. Probably you can look for another salon within this town.† The other woman seemed to break the heart of her colleague so that she could not trace the salon. â€Å"No, I don’t care! I need the same even it means selling part of my other belongings.† The woman replied with a lot of determination. Their conversation continued but I didn’t bother to listen more (Li, 2002). On another occasion when I had gone for a ride to my nearest shopping centre, I engaged in a discussion with my friends who were shaving. At some point, they began discussing on the recent men hair styles. I was keen on the on their dialogue. â€Å"Martin, have you seen my friend’s hair style who arrived recently from abroad? The guy is smart!† One gentleman came up. â€Å"Yeah! But that style isn’t all that new. I’ve seen many people shave like him.† Jack replied with very cool voice. â€Å"In fact I don’t see any need of one straining to cope that style. It may cost you a lot for nothing, after all our nearest barb er shop can do it. You can save that money and do other things other than just shaving.† Most men in the discussion agreed on Jack’s opinion and all seem not to be interested on the topic again. They switched to discussing other issues (Chambers, 2003). From the set of the conversations, it is evident that women and men have different language of approach. Although they could have the same subject of discussion, women could approach differently as men could. In the instance above, women are seen to be admiring each other in the way they have dressed. One could realize how her colleague has plaited her hair and show admiration up to an extent of digging out where and how it can be done. Women are seen to invest much of their time on what the outsiders can see. Although the other woman wants to look beautiful as her fellow, it is clear that the first woman is possessive and wants to own the beauty alone. She tries all the impossibilities to ensure that the efforts

Effects of Late Procurement for Specialist Subcontractors

Effects of Late Procurement for Specialist Subcontractors 1.1. Overview This dissertation sets out to explore the various reasons why there are delays in the subcontractor procurement process in UK Construction Industry. The dissertation will be focusing on purely the private sector of the industry and determining what effects the late procurement can have on the project, both in terms of the commercial and programme implications. The procurement process in construction begins with the client tendering the project to the main contractors. This dissertation will not focus on this element of the procurement process and will in turn focus purely on the procurement of the specialist subcontractor trades. A specialist subcontractor is defined as a contractor appointed to carry out activities in the development of a built asset that involve specialist construction knowledge and skills, (Specialist Sub-contractor, 2016) The reason for this topic is due to the working environment in which the author current works, the author is a project manager in the glazing facade industry working on major projects in the UK construction industry. The issues surrounding late procurement has been disused both on sites and in the academic environment for many years and links have been made between the number of claims for delay and variations, and the pre-construction process (Mosey, 2009). Benefits of early procurement can include the ability to value engineer solutions, correct design co-ordination, review more sustainable solutions and many more. 1.2. Hypothesis The research will demonstrate that late procurement can harm more than the programme on a project, it will show that late procurement can affect the design and quality of the project. The evidence will also show the negative effects that late procurement can have on the BREAM status of a building/ project and sustainability. 1.3. Null Hypothesis Late procurement has no effect on the project in any way. 1.4. Aims To explore the various types of procurement in the private UK Construction Industry To determine what classes as late procurement and understand the main and most common reasons for late procurements To evaluate what are the benefits to late and early procurement in terms of the key project requirements; Time Quality Cost. BREAM/Sustainability An additional aim to the dissertation, if sufficient time and resources are available. What can be done to improve the procurement processes 1.5. Objectives Read up on the various different procurement methods and strategies and understand which are relevant to the UK construction industry. Interview 4 to 5 individuals from different sectors of the UK construction industry. Speak to various levels of the construction industry project delivery team to understand the effects they believe early and late procurement can have on the industry. Questionnaires will be sent out to the following parties. Main Contractor Project Directors * Main Contractor Senior Procurement managers Main Contractor Senior Quantity Surveyors Main Contractor Project Managers / Package Managers * Main Contractor Site Managers Main Contractor Design Managers Architects * Specialist Sub-Contract Directors* Specialist Sub-Contract Project Managers* * Indicates the various project members which interviews will be completed with. 2.1. Introduction The initial literature review will explore the various documents which have been reviewed against each aim. This will highlight where there is a vast amount of literature available and where alternative options have had to be used, as set out in the objectives previously. A literature review (also called literature research study or literature survey) groups relevant ideas and evidence from secondary sources into a logical flow, addressing significance and understanding. (Laycock, Howarth, Watson, 2016) 2.2. The various stages of the procurement process Before the procurement process can be understood the term procurement needs to be understood. Dr Denise Bower stated that procurement is the term used to describe the overarching process of the identification, selection and acquisition of civil engineering services and materials, their transport, the execution or implementation; and subsequent project performance. (Bower, 2003). As in any project, there are various elements which need to be procured, in construction these different elements tend to be larger and require sub-contractors to be procured on various different contracts to manage the design, supply and installation of the various elements. The acquisition of the various trade will be linked to the programme, the type of procurement and contract which is being used. One of the first thing which must be created is the Project Execution Plan (PEP), the PEP sets out how the project which has been defined in the strategic brief will be procured (Morledge Smith, 2013). The PEP is directly linked to the procurement approach which can be dictated by the constraints of the project or by the client. As mentioned, the procurement process is directly linked to the programme, for both on and off site. The programme as a whole is linked to the construction process which is stipulated by British Standards BS 6079-1:2010, which is titled, Project management. Principles and guidelines for the management of projects. There are various different stages to the construction process and this is clearly depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1typical stages of a Construction Project (Harris McCaffer, 2013) The British Standard for procurement policies, strategies and procedures are under BS 8532:2011. This document provides the backbone for the procurement division in the UK construction industry. The document states that it gives recommendations and guidance on the development within a public or private sector organization of policies, strategies and procedures for the procurement of construction in the built environment. (British Standards Institution, 2011). Figure 2 portrays a decision structure for which forms of procurement should be used, the structure highlights the main frequently used forms of procurement in the construction sector. Figure 2 Identifying the Procurement process (British Standards Institution, 2011) 2.3. What classes as late procurement Late procurement in its simplest terms can be explained as when the procurement process chosen does not leave enough time to complete the programme to meet all three demands of the performance triangle as shown in Figure 3. Majority of specialist subcontractors packages are design and build. This means that if there is a delay in the procurement process it is the offsite period which is effected as the end date on a construction project rarely moves, unless the delay is due to the client. Figure 3 The Performance triangle Cost, Performance/Quality, time A Design and Build contract is a single source approach in the sense that, generally, the eventual contractor takes on single-point responsibility to develop the entire design and deliver the works according to the clients requirement (Bower, 2003). A reduced design period makes design coordination between the different trades, especially in the specialist works, where the original intent by the clients architect may not adhere to CDM and building regulation. Late procurement in complex projects could be classed as a lot earlier than in the more standard buildings. A complex project can be classed as a project where it is not a standard structure or a repeated building such a chain hotel etc. Banwells report from 1964 stated that specialist consultants, some of whom may infact also be specialist contractor, should be brought in at the earliest stage as full members of a design team (Banwell, 1964). Obviously the precise period when procurement can be classed as early and when it can be classed as late is debateable and will come down to a commercial decision from the main contractor. 2.4. The positive effects early procurement can have on a project The discussion over the benefits of early procurement / contractor involvement has been discussed for over 50 years, Banwell report 1964. In 1998 the Egan report was publish and this was the turning point for the construction industry as he recommended a radical rethink, it was this report which lead to the creation of the Construction Industry Council (CIC). The Construction Industry Council (CIC) is the representative forum for the professional bodies, research organisations and specialist business associations in the construction industry. (Construction Industry Council 2017, 2017) David Mosey looked into this subject in a great deal, he stated that, a procurement model which omits contactor and specialist design contributions can increase risk and can result in poor communications between team members, unnecessary delays to progress of the project and the creation of incorrect information that leads to claims and disputes. (Mosey, 2009). This outlook is in line with many other academics, the JCT CE guide also states that, It is important that contractors and any key specialists are engaged early, ideally at a stage when the proposed design is not complete so that it is possible for the contractor and key specialists to consider ways in which the design can be made easier to build and maintain (JCT CE Guide, 2006). Design consultants are also in favour of this approach, the CIRIA (Construction Industry Research and Information Association) interviewed John Hayward, director of Mott MacDonald in 1998. He was quoted as stating Our preferred approach, particularly on more complex projects, is to select the contractor who will construct the project at concept stage. The primary objective is optimise buildability and thus improve delivery against time and cost criteria, (CIRIA, 1998). By engaging contractors and specialist contractors at an early stage allows the creation of improved details which follow the build sequence as well as reduce build costs on site for re visits etc. The early involvement approach reduces the focus on the client. The design and built contract relies on the client expressing a clear performance brief at the outset and leaving the main contactor to determine its own means to complete the project in line with the required cost, time an quality parameters. (Mosey, 2009). The client would normally employ their own design team, architects etc, to generate this clear brief, by engaging a core team of specialist contractors this brief can be specifics and accurtate regarding specifications and details. This will reduce and remove some of the off-site time once a contractor is appointed as the brief should be transparent to both to contractor and the subcontractors tendering for the various packages. 3.1. Introduction This chapter will discuss and evaluate the proposed methods which will be undertaken in the research of the dissertation. The different research methods have been carefully chosen by the author based on the title and topic environment. 3.2. Research Paradigms A paradigm, in business, is a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something (Cambridge Dictionary, 2017). Even though paradigms have increased through the raise in social media, there are still mainly two, Positivism and Anti-positivism. The third paradigm which will be considered in this research is critical theory. (Dr. Nirod K. Dash, June 2005) Positivism, in philosophy, adheres to the view that only factual knowledge gained through observation, including measurement, is trustworthy. (Dudovskiy, Positivism Research Philosophy, 2017) This is a very scientific approach and relies on fact and data rather than thoughts and opinions. Anti-Positivism can also be referred to as interpretive sociology or interpretivist. This is when the researcher interprets the elements of the study and uses their own thoughts, opinions and believes in order to arrive at a conclusion. This method of study usually focus on meaning and may employ multiple methods in order to reflect different aspects of the issue. (Dudovskiy, Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy, 2017) Critical theory suggests action research methods to explore the current field knowledge. This is generally used to solve problems immediately. This form of research will form from the back of the interviews when interviewing site level members of the project team. Table 4 The three research paradigms and the various methods (Dr. Nirod K. Dash, June 2005) Research paradigms Research approach Research methods Examples Positivism Quantitative Surveys: Questionnaires longitudinal, cross-sectional, correlational; experimental, Survey of procurement managers into the percentage of late procured packages per major project. Anti-positivism Qualitative Biographical; Phenomenological; Ethnographical; case study Reviewing the literature which is already been written. Completing interviews with different sectors an interpreting their responses. Critical theory Critical and action-oriented Ideology critique; action research In field questionnaires and interviews 3.3. Data Collection Various different types of data will be collected from the different research methods that have been proposed above. These different methods where chosen in order to gain an increased understanding of the industry as a whole, not just from an academic or site level. The different methods will also allow a large amount of different data to be collected, analysed and reviewed. Positivism research will lead to primary data through the surveys and questionnaires. 3.4. Methods 3.4.1. Objective 1 In order to explore the various types of procurement in the private UK Construction Industry the author will complete an extensive literature review. This review will examine the data from research which has been complete by other academics, this will secondary data. Secondary data will be reviewed as this will provide an alternative opinion on the current and past industry. A wide range of opinions will be critical when reviewing the primary data which will be collected from interviews and questionnaires The emphasis of this objective is also to evaluate how much change has happened in the procurement practise to see if the role of a specialist subcontract has been considered when developing the process. In order to understand this the interview with the Main Contractor Procurement leaders will help explain from a practical level whether the theory mentioned in the literature review is completed in the field. The only issue with this method of research is that the academic literature may be one sided or based on past practice and not reflective of the current UK construction industry. 3.4.2. Objective 2 Determining what classes as late procurement and understanding the main and most common reasons for late procurements will be achieved through primary data, the data will be collected by different members of the UK construction industry completing interviews. In order to achieve a rounded and diverse set of responses the author will also aim to interview difference companies in the same sector. The interview questions will be created following an extensive literature review and a review of the questionnaires. The interview questions will contain the same core questions for each sector in order to achieve a broad understanding of the different opinions of late procurement. There will be different role specific questions which will be directed towards the environment that each interviewee works in. 3.4.3. Objective 3 Exploring the perception of late/early procurement and what effects it has on the construction industry will be the hardest objective to complete. The author will create various surveys aimed at different disciplines to understand the different effects and issues caused by the delay in procurement. The questionnaires for the procurement team will try to gain an understanding into the procurement procedure they follow and whether it is by personal choice, company procedure or effected by time critical requirements. The questionnaires will be sent to colleagues in the authors working environment which will then be passed on to their colleagues, this is referred to as snowball sampling. This method has many benefits including; Reaching members of the construction industry in high positions which would have been previously unachievable. Saving time, as other people are sending the questionnaire around the various other individuals No large scale pre planning required, the author will just have to speak to the various key members about the request. However, there are also some disadvantages to this technique; Lack of control over who takes part in the survey Sampling bias as the initial subjects will pass the questionnaire onto their close colleague who may be in similar positions or have the similar options. (Explorable, 2017) 3.5. Research model The model displayed below highlights the various stages which will be completed during the research stage of the project. The first 3 stages have already been completed, along with the definition of the aims. The next stage is to complete the objectives and then review and analyse the data collected. Figure 4 A flow chart depicting the dissertation process 3.6. Gantt chart displaying target project dates Table 6, Gantt chart displaying the target dissertation timeline In summary the author has shown that there has been previous research into the proposed topic, however this research has been into the various procurement strategies and the benefits of early contractor involvement. There has not been much research into the effects of late procurement or the reasons for late procurement. This is where data from the interviews and questionnaires will be harnessed. The methodology clearly portrays that the results from the questionnaire and literature review will be used to create the interview questions. This method will allow any gaps in information to be capture in the interviews, it will also allow some of the more challenging questions to be clearly answered by the interviewee. The main challenge that the author will face is participation with members of the industry for the questionnaires and interviews. The benefit of working in the industry and on major construction site is that the author will have personal links to various members on the industry, this should aid in the response rate. References Banwell. (1964). Banwell Report The Placing and Management of Contacts for building and Civil Engineering Work. London: HMSO. Bower, D. D. (2003). Management of Procurement. London: Thomas Yelford Publishing. British Standards Institution. (2011). BS 8534:2011 Construction procurement policies, strategies and procedures. BSI Standards Publications. Cambridge Dictionary. (2017, March 01). Paradigm. Retrieved from Cambridge Dictionary: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/paradigm CIRIA. (1998). Selecting Contractors by Value. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association. Construction Industry Council 2017. (2017, March 7). Retrieved from Construction Industry Council: http://cic.org.uk/ Dr. Nirod K. Dash, I. (June 2005). Module: Selection of the Research Paradigm and Methodology. Manchester Meropolitan University. Dudovskiy, J. (2017, Feb 28). Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy. Retrieved from Research Methodology: http://research-methodology.net/research-philosophy/interpretivism/ Dudovskiy, J. (2017, March 01). Positivism Research Philosophy. Retrieved from Research Methodology: http://research-methodology.net/research-philosophy/positivism/ Explorable. (2017, March 05). Snowball Sampling. Retrieved from Explorable: https://explorable.com/snowball-sampling Harris, F., McCaffer, R. (2013). Modern Construction Management. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. JCT CE Guide. (2006). JCT Constructing Excellence Contract Guide. London: Sweet Maxwell. Laycock, E., Howarth, T., Watson, P. (2016). The Journey to Dissertation Success. Oxon: Routledge. Morledge, R., Smith, A. (2013). Building Procurment. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Mosey, D. (2009). Early Contractor Involvement in Building Procurement- Contracts, Partnering and Project Managment. Wiley Blackwell. Specialist Sub-contractor. (2016, Jan 21). Retrieved from Designing Building Wiki: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Specialist_contractor Please find attached at the end of the report the following documents 6.1 Research Ethics Checklist for Students (Page 19 to 25) 6.2 Participant Information Document (Page 26 to 27) 6.3 Participant Consent Form (Page 28 to 29) RESEARCH ETHICS  CHECKLIST FOR STUDENTS (SHUREC7) This form is designed to help students and their supervisors to complete an ethical scrutiny of proposed research. The SHU ResearchEthicsPolicy should be consulted before completing the form. Answering the questions below will help you decide whether your proposed research requires ethical review by a Designated Research Ethics Working Group. The final responsibility for ensuring that ethical research practices are followed rests with the supervisor for student research. Note that students and staff are responsible for making suitable arrangements for keeping data secure and, if relevant, for keeping the identity of participants anonymous. They are also responsible for following SHU guidelines about data encryption and research data management. The form also enables the University and Faculty to keep a record confirming that research conducted has been subjected to ethical scrutiny. For student projects, the form may be completed by the student and the supervisor and/or module leader (as applicable). In all cases, it should be counter-signed by the supervisor and/or module leader, and kept as a record showing that ethical scrutiny has occurred. Students should retain a copy for inclusion in their research projects, and staff should keep a copy in the student file. Please note if it may be necessary to conduct a health and safety risk assessment for the proposed research. Further information can be obtained from the Faculty Safety Co-ordinator. General  Details Name of student Katherine Louise Walter Course or qualification (student) MSc Construction Project Managements Title of proposed research The effects of late procurement for specialist subcontractors in the Uk Construction Industry Proposed start date January 2017 Proposed end date October 2017 Brief outline of research to include, rationale aims (250-500 words). This dissertation sets out to explore the various reasons why there are delays in the subcontractor procurement process in UK Construction industry. The dissertation will be focusing on purely the private sector of the industry and determining what effects the late procurement can have on the project, both in terms of the commercial and program implications. The main aims of the dissertation are; 1.To explore the various types of procurement in the private UK Construction Industry 2.To determine what classes as late procurement and understand the main and most common reasons for late procurements 3.To evaluate what are the major effects on late procurement and do they aid or hamper the three key feature of a successful project a) Time b) Quality c) Cost. d) BREAM/Sustainability 4.What can be done to improve the procurement processes Where data is collected from individuals, outline the nature of data, details of anonymisation, storage and disposal procedures if required (250-500 words). Data will be collected from individuals in the construction sector via interviews and questionnaires. The nature of the data will be both opinions and facts. The opinions will be taken from various sectors of the construction industry in order to gain a wide range of data. The questionnaires will also be sent to various different employees for different companies. This approach will try to avoid results being effected by one companies practice. The data received from the questionnaires will then be used to generate questions for interviews. These interviews will try to focus down into some of the trends displayed in the questionnaires. The interview will also ask questions about the company procedures as well as the individuals thoughts and opinions on how the system could be improved. 1.  Health  Related Research Involving  the  NHS  or  Social Care/Community  Care  or  the  Criminal Justice  Service  or  with research  participants  unable  to  provide  informed  consent Questi